The energy demand is expected to grow rapidly in most developing countries over the next decades. For Bangladesh, economic growth has been accelerating and it is expected that the population will grow from an estimated 162.20 million people in 2011 to 200 million by 2050, with almost half of the population living in urban areas. For meeting the expected energy demand as the population will rise and to sustain economic growth, alternative form of energy – renewable energy needs to be expanded. This paper tries to explore the possibility of finding the renewable energy mainly from micro hydro in different places of Chittagong hill tract region by thoroughly describing present condition of energy along with data collection, calculation and feasibility of power generation from July 2011 to Jan 2012.

The electricity supply with minimum possible losses is the challenge to the developing countries like Bangladesh. Limited energy sources, improper long term policies & some major system losses are responsible for hindering this challenge. Considering these problems of Bangladesh, some solutions have been proposed but still those fail to mitigate that problem fully. So this paper emphasizes based on the proposed solutions & the possible acceptance of the considerations which are applied in other countries.

The present study entitling “Environmental Accounting & Reporting Practices: Significance and Issues: A Case from Bangladeshi Companies” is based on both the primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from the total number of 40 Chief Accountants and Senior Accountants, taking one from each company. The secondary data were collected from the Annual Reports-2010 of the companies. The main findings of the study are: i) the respondents have felt the strong need for EA (Environmental Accounting) and ER (Environmental Reporting) in their Annual Reports, ii) the respondents have also been aware for EA and ER practices, iii) as regards of nature of environmental disclosure, it is observed that only qualitative disclosures in positive sense have been provided in the Annual Reports either in Chairman or Managing Director statement, Directors’ reports and a separate section “Environmental Compliance”, iv) Environmental disclosures in the form ofxpenditure in energy, waste management, safety related measure and environment protection presented in their Annual Reports were not remarkable in the sample companies excepting expenditure in energy, v) the respondents have identified some major problems involved in EAR( Environmental Accounting and Reporting) practices as shown table -5 and also have suggested some measures as presented in table -6. From the above discussions, it is clear that EAR practices in the selected companies have been far from satisfactory and hence poor in real sense of the term. Therefore, in order to improve the EAR practices in the selected companies, the proper authority need to implement the suggestions put forward by the respondents without any further delay.

This paper is focused on a new solution for congestion avoidance in ad hoc multicast routing by bearing the congestion situations. As the routing strategy belongs to Medium Access Level, the routing strategy is named Medium Access Level Multicast Routing short MALMR. MALMR is aimed at Congestion Avoidance in Multicast Mobile Ad hoc routing protocol. The present MAC level routing strategy is independent which can work with any multicast routing protocol irrespective of tree or mesh structure. During the study of MALMR performance, the MALMR tested along with On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol where simulation results proved that MALMR raises the performance of ODMRP in order of magnitude.

With the hasty growth of internet contact and voice and information centric communications, many contact technologies have been urbanized to meet the stringent insist of high speed information transmission and viaduct the wide bandwidth gap among ever-increasing high-data-rate core system and bandwidth-hungry end-user complex. To make efficient consumption of the limited bandwidth of obtainable access routes and cope with the difficult channel environment, several standards have been projected for a variety of broadband access scheme over different access situation (twisted pairs, coaxial cables, optical fibers, and unchanging or mobile wireless admittance). These access situations may create dissimilar channel impairments and utter unique sets of signal dispensation algorithms and techniques to combat precise impairments. In the intended and implementation sphere of those systems, many research issues arise. In this paper we present advancements of multi-rate indication processing methodologies that are aggravated by this design trend. The thesis covers the contemporary confirmation of the current literature on intrusion suppression using multi-rate indication in wireless communiqué networks.

In this paper we have established a theorem wherein we have obtained the image of modified H-transform under the pathway fractional integral operator defined by Nair [8]. Three corollaries of the main theorem have been derived. Our findings provide interesting unification and extension of number of (new and known) results.

This paper presents a procedure to solve Minimum Convex-Cost Network Flow Problems (MC-CNFP). This solution algorithm is constructed on the concepts of Network Simplex Method (NSM) for minimum cost network flow problem, Convex Simplex Method (CSM) of Zangwill, the decomposition of convex simplex method and non-linear transformation problem.

Like other civil wars, the armed conflict in Colombia has generally been seen as a continuous and homogeneous process, which has covered almost the entire national territory for several decades without substantial changes. In opposition to this common assumption and discussing with the traditional greed or grievance dichotomy and the theories of the new wars, the authors propose an alternative, deeply historical and interactive model who takes into account regional and local particularities in order to explain the way the national master cleavages and long term approaches interact with the logic of local and regional armed groups by emphasizing the geographical evolution of the Colombian civil war.

The crux of this paper is to examine rural development programme implementation in developing countries with China and India as case studies. The paper examines various strategies adopted by these countries in the implementation of rural development policies and programmes. The study adopts desk research as its methodological orientation. The result of the analysis reveals that the Chinese and Indian Governments adopt bottom-up rural development approach which emphasizes involvement of the rural people in rural development programme implementation. This strategy has significantly assisted these countries to attain enviable heights in rural development efforts in spite of their increasing population. The paper, therefore, recommends among others, the need for China and India to abandon cultural practices /belief systems capable of impacting negatively on their rural development programmes and also encourage other developing countries in the third world Africa to emulate the strategies adopted by these two countries in their rural development programme implementation.

In the present work change in the adsorption-desorption processes of Diazinon[O,Odiethylo-( 2-isopropyl-6-methyl4pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate] which is nonionicorganophosphorous pesticide, preformed by using batch equilibrium experiments on six agricultural soil samples. The kinetics study for adsorption processes investigated that first order rate law and power function equation model provided the best correlation with experiment results. The isothermal models Linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir were applied to describe the adsorption-desorption affinities to the soils. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were also calculated according to the values of binding Langmuir constant KL at 10, 25, 40 ±1ºC. Linear coefficient Kd values for adsorption process of diazinon varied between 3.261 - 6.413 mlg- 1. Freundlich coefficient KF values for adsorption process varied between 1.194 - 1.506 mlg-1. Langmuir coefficient KL for adsorption process varied between 0.017 - 0.020 mlg-1. The negative values for each of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS constants confirmed that diazinon adsorption processes more at lower temperature and done via enthalpy effect.