Environmental management challenges have assumed a global scale and attention. However, it is misleading to conclude that the current challenge of sustainable environmental management is fully known to the populace, especially at the grassroots. This paper examined Non-Government Organizations ’ Contribution to Environmental Awareness in Nigeria using Uyo as a case study. The study collected data using the semi-structured questionnaire on awareness of environmental issues, relationship between people in the study area and ENGOs, activities of ENGOs and benefits from ENGOs. Findings revealed that ENGOs has not significantly created a positive environmental awareness on respondents and has consequently failed to meet global expectations in addressing environmental challenges. Recommendations were made to enhance environmental awareness: improved education and orientation of the people on environmental problems, encouragement of youth participation in environmental management by ENGOs, media houses should increase awareness of environmental problems in the study area, and funding agencies should monitor the implementation of planned environmental awareness programmes.

The finance literate has widely discussed two important relationships: (1) Corporate strategy and firm performance (2) Capital structure and firm performance However, most studies ignore the combined effect of corporate strategy and capital structure on firm performance. Our study tries to tackle this issue and uses sample from the listed companies in Pakistan which will prove the commonalties that exist between these domains of business research. This will help support the arguments of some researchers in the banking industry who have stressed the importance of assessing the firm’s strategies using concepts in finance. The overall objective of this study is to test the viability of the “effect of corporate strategy and capital structure on firm’s performance” using strategic management and corporate finance theory. The present study identifies the dimensions and variables using prior research within each of the constructs studied under the management and corporate finance domains, vis-a-vis corporate strategy, capital structure and firm performance.

Optimization techniques may be effective in finding best modeling and shape in reinforced concrete reservoirs to improve their durability, mechanical behavior, particularly avoiding or reducing the bending moments in these structures. RCR are one of the major structures applied for reserving fluids to be used in the networks of drinking water. Usually, these structures have fixed shapes which designed and calculated based on input discharge,conditions of structure topology and place geotechnical with various combinations of static and dynamic loads. In this research, first, the elements of reservoir walls are typed according to the performed analysis; then the range of membrane thickness and the minimum and maximum cross section of consumed bar are determined on the maximum stress. In next phase, based on reservoir analysis and using the algorithm of PARIS connector, the related information are combined with the code for PSO algorithm, an algorithm for swarming search, to determine the optimum thickness of cross sections for reservoir membrane elements and the optimum cross section of consumed bars. Based on very complex mathematical linear models for correct embedding and angles related to a chain of peripheral strengthening membranes, which optimize the structure vibrational, a mutual relation is selected between the modeling software and code for particle swarm optimization algorithm.Finally, the comparative weight of concrete reservoir optimized by peripheral strengthening membrane is analyzed by common methods. This analysis shows 19% decrease for bar weight, 20% decrease for concrete weight and minimum 13% saving for construction costs according to the items of checklist for a concrete reservoir at 10,000m3.

In this article we introduce the sequence space and for the sequence of F = (fk) and given some inclusion relations.

This research is intended to ascertain the factors that are responsible for banishing Punjabi language and a corresponding adoption of English language, though apparently the panoramic milieu is hostile to this shift. Language shift is a societal trend and society formation is based on collaborative work of certain factors, by following this line of reasoning, a hypothesis is formed that language shift is burgeoned, motivated and accelerated by an implicit working of historical, cultural, social, economic and psychological factors. In order to examine the validity of hypothesis, data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire with a sample size of hundred people. The result shows that these factors are involved, though at varying degree, in this germinating trend of shift from Punjabi to English language.

Firm’s financial management policies compose ofvery important decisions including working capital management. Working Capital of a firm comprises on current assets. Current assets are cash and equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventory items of a firm. Working Capital Management is applying Investment and Financing Decisions to Current Assets. Most of the researchers found a positive impact of working capital management decisions on profitability of organizations. It directly affects the liquidity and profitability of the firm. In this research article, 15 research papers of different scholars have been studied and compared. The results showed impact of working capital on profitability and supported the hypotheses.

In this study, the levels of selected metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe and Pb) concentrations were measured by Flame Emission Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FL-AAS) in sediment (sludge) samples collected from 10 different Canals in and around the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) area of Bangladesh. The analysis result shows that Cr, Cu and Pb were present as major pollutants in the some canals in the DCC area with high concentration levels, while Cd, Mn and Fe emerged as minor pollutants. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis were used to assess the metal contamination in the canals. Positive correlations were found between Mn–Fe (r = 0.860), Pb–Cu (r = 0.786), Pb–Cd (r = 0.398) and Cu-Cd (r = 0.227) pairs. The present metal concentration in the canal sediments data shows that Cr, Pb and Pb levels are higher than recommended sediment quality guideline by USEPA but pollutants concentrations in the sludge are below the prescribed hazard limit provided by USEPA for land application of sludge.

There are limited empirical studies on factors preventing female professionals from working in the construction industry. Thus, this study becomes imperative with a view to identifying and assessing the career development programmes and strategies as well as the impediments relating to career development programmes. The primary data consists of survey questionnaire, drawn on the basis of the identified career development programmes and the impediments relating to career development programs on existing literature. Random sampling technique was employed in the administration of the questionnaire to professional in consulting and contracting firms within the built environment in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using statistical methods of average, percentage, mean score (MS), Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann Whitney’s U test. The results of the mean score ranking indicate factors influencing female professionals’ participation in construction industry. However, the result of the Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann Whitney U test support null hypothesis. Also the result of the mean scores further show career development programmes and strategies, the result of Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann Whitney U test were significant. Finally, the result shows the impediments to career development programs and strategies. The study revealed career development programmes and strategies, this would provide necessary information to the government, stakeholders and employers of labour in the construction industry to ameliorate skilled shortages, enhance productivity and performance in the construction sector.

Purpose: To examine the impact of interactive marketing on customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire derived from previous studies and the relevant Literature was completed by 100 mobile communication service providers’ customers in Jaffna district, SriLanka. Single linear regression analysis assessed the impact on customer satisfaction of seven key constructs of interactive marketing such as trust, relationship commitment, quality of employees, quality of atmosphere, complaint handling, personalizing services and familiarity. Correlation analysis wasarried out to examine the interrelationship between interactive marketing and customeratisfaction. And also independent sample T-test and independent sample one way ANOVA were utilized to find out the significant mean different in customer satisfaction among personal demographic variable. Findings : interactive marketing contributes significantly to customer satisfaction and predicts 41.6 percent of the variation found. Relationship commitment and trust in the interactive marketing contribute significantly to customer satisfaction. And customer satisfaction is not ontributed significantly by personalizing services and complaint handling in the interactive marketing. And also there is a significant mean different in customer satisfaction among prepaidnd post paid services. But there is no significant mean different in customer satisfaction among different age groups. Overall association between interactive marketing and customer satisfaction is moderate positively correlated. Research limitations/implications : This research focuses on mobile communication services in one particular district of the country. Therefore further research in other sectors may be necessary before generalization can be made on the entire service industry.Practical implications: Based on the finding of the study, there are a few key points that can be used to conclude this research paper. It is very important th

Environmental positions and personality characteristics and attitude towards school affect students’ performance.Environmental factors include social and organizational environment of the school and the physical environment.The study was conducted using field research.Interviews and surveys were conducted with 229 administers located at three directorates of the North Badia region.Subjects were selected using stratified random sampling.Results indicated that education at Mafraq Governorate lacks quality and quantity of supply being located away from urban centers.Over all perceived performance was associated with elementary grade inputs of first and second grade number of sections; negatively associated with eleventh grade the number of students nursing stream; and no association with twelfth grade inputs.Results showed positive association with number of geology teachers.Results indicated that attributes of teaching-organization and capacity of cuality of education supply and other variables associated with perceived overall performance as follows: (1) teaching-organizational entity such as structural, staff frustration, positive classroom environment, and caring and support for students; (2) quality of education such as perception of existing pedagogy and directing student to choose a track; (3) other variables such as students attitude, teachers attitude, available school services, and students gender.Many schools are suffering, especially in the Northeast Badia Region, from small number of students in geographically dispersed villages.It is more appropriate to increase numbers of students to a range of 20-30 per section to stimulate competition among students.