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Record keeping is the recording of business transactions in systematic manner so that the financial position of an organization can be ascertained at any point in time. It has become the foundation on which modern businesses depends. The objective of this paper therefore is to look at the records to be kept by an organization, their features and the importance of book/record keeping to the growth of an organization. Data were collected using the primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include the use of questionnaire and personal interview while existing literature forms the bulk of the secondary source. The data collected were presented using table while chi-square was used in analyzing the data. It was found out from the data analysis that majority of our respondents do not keep business records and therefore do not even know whether their businesses are growing or not. It is therefore recommended that small scale entrepreneurs to keep up to date and accurate records of their business. They should also avail themselves of training opportunities related to record keeping. They should also endeavour to record their transactions on a daily, weekly or monthly basis (as the case may be)
In the Secure voice call, the human voice shall be digitized by the Android APIs and the VOIP packets will travel over the SIP layer. The digitization process also includes the encryption phase wherein secure call technique is used in order to generate unique keys every time a call handshake is done. During the Secure Call key exchange, the caller party sends a Secure Call hello packet. Once that packet is positively acknowledged by the recipient party the handshake happens successfully and the call packets get encrypted. Using Secure call, digitized voice data is transformed into cipher text form on third generation GSM data or GPRS servers in android platform which results in a better encrypted voice speed and clarity.
Aim : The dry season microclimate variation at several sites in Enugu was assessed with the sole aim of determining the UHI characteristics during dry season periods. Study Design: The study design employed in the study was survey design. Place and Duration of the study: Enugu urban was the study area and the study occurred between the months of Feb – Mar 2006 and 2007. Methodology : During the study, transect and fixed point measurements were taken hourly and averaged over a month. All temperature difference was calculated as site temperature minus reference temperature. Thus, a negative (-) temperature difference indicates that the site was cooler than the reference station. The reference station is the rural environment. Results : Dry season months showed strong variability in temperature. The downtown site was the warmest (2.0 0c) during the day. The heavily vegetated urban residential site (LVR) and suburban site (LOR) with fully developed vegetation canopy were the coolest (-3.8 and -2.68).
Aim : The rainy season UHI characteristics at several sites in Enugu urban were evaluated using paired measurement programme. The aim was to determine the characteristic of urban heat island in the city during rainy season periods. Study Design: Survey Study. Place and Duration of Study: Enugu urban between months of June – July of 2006 and 2007. Methodology. Results : The results indicate that UHI at day and night during rainy season were very different. A downtown –centered heat island was observed both day and night. The day time variations were strongly correlated to the amount of tree shading while in the night, city climate was highly correlated to sky-view factors and thermal properties in the city. Maximum UHI was about 3.20c during the day and hour-to-hour difference was observed at night around (1800hrs to 2300hrs).Conclusion: UHI over Enugu have been analyzed and results reveal some spatial and temporal characteristics. The UHI has been found to occur throughout the day and night during rainy season. Its structure was observed to be greatly influenced by weather, city, metabolism, anthropogenic activities and local geographic features, land-use, land-cover as well as vegetation and population.
The motivations of the Arab Spring that have nmarked the history of humanity over the last few months have left political economists, researchers, governments and international policymakers pondering over how the quality of political institutions affect consumer welfare in terms of commodity prices. This paper investigates the effects of political establishments on consumer prices in the African continent. Findings suggest that in comparison with authoritarian regimes, democracies better provide for institutions that keep inflationary pressures on commodity prices in check. As a policy implication, improving the quality of democratic institutions will ameliorate consumer welfare through lower inflation rates. Such government quality institutional determinants include, among others: voice and accountability, rule of law, regulation quality, control of corruption and press freedom.
In the last years, face recognition has become a popular area of research in computer vision, it is typically used in network security systems and access control systems but it is also useful in other multimedia information processing areas. Performance of the face verification system depends on many conditions. One of the most problematic is varying illumination condition. In this paper, we discuss the preprocessing method to solve one of the common problems in face images, due to a real capture system i.e. lighting variations. The different stages include gamma correction, Difference of Gaussian (DOG) filtering and contrast equalization. Gamma correction enhances the local dynamic range of the image in dark or shadowed regions while compressing it in bright regions and is determined by the value of γ. DOG filtering is a grey scale image enhancement algorithm that eliminates the shadowing effects. Contrast equalization rescales the image intensities to standardize a robust measure of overall intensity variations. The technique has been applied to Yale-B data sets, Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) version 2 Experiment 4 and a real time created data set.
New magnesium lead borate glasses (10-x) MgO-xMgCl2-40PbO-50B2O3 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 mole%) were prepared by melt quenching technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of BO3 trigonal and BO4 tetrahedral structural units in these glasses. The optical energy band gaps, Urbach energies and theoretical refractive index values are reported. No considerable structural changes with the composition are observed. FTIR revealed the formation of NBOs and the behaviour of MgO as glass network modifier. The expansion of B-O network with increasing x mole% is attributed to the presence of Chlorine ions.
Image segmentation is a fundamental task in image analysis responsible for partitioning an image into multiple sub-regions based on a desired feature. Active contours have been widely used as attractive image segmentation methods because they always produce sub-regions with continuous boundaries, while the kernel-based edge detection methods, e.g. Sobel edge detectors, often produce discontinuous boundaries. The use of level set theory has provided more flexibility and convenience in the implementation of active contours. However, traditional edge-based active contour models have been applicable to only relatively simple images whose sub-regions are uniform without internal edges. Here in this paper we attempt to brief the taxonomy and current state of the art in Image segmentation and usage of Active Contours.
This paper presents conceptual development of fundamental concepts of modelling the elasto-plastic behaviour of expansive soils stabilized soils with lime and cement. The stabilization is accomplished with both lime and cement treatments of expansive soils where lime proves to be the best additive in treatment of plastic soils than cement. The concepts of the yield surfaces of the Tresca, von-Mises, Drucker-Prager, Mohr-Coulomb and Cam-Clay elasto-plasticity models are reviewed. Because the initial consumption of lime (ICL) of 3.5% with the mellowing period of 4 hours was established for the expansive soils, the lime stabilization of 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of lime by weight of dry soil was added to the soils and cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. Cement contents of 2%, 4% and 6% were used for the cement stabilized specimens. Both treated and untreated soil specimens were tested in the laboratory to determine which model accounts for the complex elastoplastic behaviour of both treated and untreated expansive soils. The treated and untreated specimens were characterized in terms of model performance. Of all the reviewed models, the Modified Egg Cam Clay model was able to decribe reasonably many features of the behavior of both untreated and treated expansive soils. The model is superior because it is characterized with the limited number of constitutive parameters easily determined in the laboratory or even in situ.
Adsorptive removal of a cationic dye – Rhodamine B – from aquoeus solutions was achieved by the use of Animal Bone Meal as a new low cost adsorbent. Adsorption of Rhodamine B was occured by studing the effects of contact time, adsorbent amount, dye concentration and temperature. Dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained after 60 minutes of contact time. The isotherms of adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (Qm) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm plots were 62.11, 63.69, 64.13 and 64.95 mg/g respectively at 303, 313, 323 and 333°K. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0 were calculated, which indicated that the adsorption was spontanoeus and endothermic nature. The characteristic results and dimensionless separation factors RL showed that animal bone meal can be employed as an alternative to commercial adsorbents in the removal of Rhodamine B from aquoeus solution and wastewater.
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