In this paper, we show that any proof of the Collatz 3n + 1 Conjecture must have an infinite number of lines; therefore, no formal proof is possible.

Secure Hash Algorithms are one of the forms of cryptographic algorithms. SHA hash functions are widely used security constructs. However, they are software implementations of SHA. This paper proposes techniques for hardware implementation of SHA. In order to provide security and improve performance, these methods are used in hardware reutilization and operation rescheduling. The purpose of implementing SHA at hardware level is to improve throughput. The empirical results revealed that the throughput is increased by 29 to 59% in case of SHA-1 implementation. The throughput is further increased up to 100% when SHA-2 is implemented and used. Thus it is evident that hardwahre implementation of SHA has more speed when compared with software implementations of SHA.

Environmental factors affect agriculture production productivity and efficiency in which result in a change of profit efficiency. This paper seeks to estimate the impacts of environmental factors on the profitability of rice farmers in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. The dataset was compiled from personal interviews in 349 farmers. Both OLS and MLE translog profit functions were used in this study. Five production inputs and four environmental factors were included in those functions. The estimation of the stochastic profit frontier with a two-stage approach was used to measure profitability. The results showed that the profit efficiency was about 75% on average and various environmental factors influence profit efficiency significantly as well as beside farm specific characteristics. Plant disease, soil fertility, irrigation, and water pollution were the four environmental factors that caused profit loss in rice production. The results of the study indicated that farmers should reduce household size and the quantity of farm plots, apply a row seeding technique and improve environmental factors to obtain high profit efficiency. Special consideration should be given to irrigation infrastructure and water quality improvement.

n the era of globalization, business environment becomes highly dynamic with high risk and uncertainty. This uncertainty decreases market share and increases organizational inefficiency. The increasing attention on human resource management (HRM) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a comparatively recent phenomenon. HR-researchers have largely ignored the SMEs, even though smaller companies could be fruitful subjects for empirical investigation because of their numbers, the growth-rates and not least diversity in the qualitative aspects of management practices. Thereby HRM in SME’s has been a white spot on the map, and this despite the characteristic Pakistan industrial structure, i.e. the large proportion of SMEs; the long tradition for a rather institutionalized and well unorganized labor market, which could provide a basis for a more professional approach to human resources, and finally the supposed very good basis for future competitiveness, due to the values characterizing employees as well as managers in Pakistani companies, i.e. democratic management style,( A Democratic Management Style has moderate approach to a situation whether at work or in a social places. The way things are get done is to seek opinion from your staffs as opposed to giving a direct instruction.

In the data stream model the data arrive at high speed so that the algorithms used for mining the data streams must process them in very strict constraints of space and time. This raises new issues that need to be considered when developing association rule mining algorithms for data streams. So it is important to study the existing stream mining algorithms to open up the challenges and the research scope for the new researchers. In this paper we are discussing different type windowing techniques and the important algorithms available in this mining process.

The densitometer was designed and fabricated with the underlying principle of gamma () ray attenuation produced on passing a collimated beam of monochromatic gamma radiation through any material. After standardization, the gamma ray attenuation coefficient (μ) was calculated to determine changes in densities as a function of temperature of Sb and Bi in solid phase. The density of Sb and Bi at room temperature are 6.697x103 Kgm-3 and 9.79x103 Kgm-3, and their melting points are 903.78 K and 544.7 K respectively. The measurements were conducted below melting point. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with published data and may be used as reference data on variation of densities at various temperatures of solids.

This paper introduce the design and development of multifunctional sensor nodes, the design based on microcontroller which represent the heart of any low cost R.T.U. A small size R.T.U can be used as a server provides the required data in the remote area. The proposed R.T.U is of low cost, low power, easy to implement and efficient to be used in different applications.

In view of the ever-increasing demand for energy and ever increasing operating pressure of line pipe, it is very essential to develop high strength steel and production technology for manufacturing the line pipes of high strength of level to X-120M. Recent experiments show that the grade (X- 80M) with respect to grade (X-70M) could give investment cost saving of pipe line construction project. if we use X-120M steel line pipes, the cost saving is much higher. Therefore, economic transport of gas from remote sources is an important consideration in today’s global economic environment. To solve these challenges, a high strength grades, large diameter line pipe of X-120M strength level through J-C-O-E technique has to be developed. The J-C-O-E longitudinal double submerged arc welding (LDSAW) of X- 120M line pipe has major challenge to establish the toughness for heat affected zone (HAZ) at theX-120M strength level, as the SAW welding is high heat input welding process. So the maintaining the strength and toughness at the strength level of X-120M of heat affected zone (HAZ) is very critical as the cooling rate is very high.

“An actor must work all his life, cultivate his mind, train his talents systematically,develop his character; he may never despair and never relinquish this main purpose –to love his art with all his strength and love it unselfishly.”Constantin Stanislavski “You follow the same law of improvisation, which is that you do whatever your impulse –as the character- tells you to do, but in this case you’re the character, so you have no imaginary situation to hide behind, and you have no other person to hide behind. What you’re doing, in fact, is asking those questions Stanislavski said that the actor should constantly ask himself as a character –Who am I? Why am I here? Where do I come from? –but instead of applying them to a role, you apply them to yourself” Excerpt from the Script‘ My Dinner with André’ (Wallace Shawn and André Gregory)

Urban governance policies in Cameroon within the past two decades of political and economic liberalization have witnessed significant administrative and political setbacks. While the government of Cameroon tacitly embraced decentralization as a viable administrative and political strategy for improving the management of cities, the process has been stalled by excessive state interventionism. This paper draws on the decentralization experience of the coastal city of Limbe in the southwest region of Cameroon to analyze the emerging trajectories of conflict embedded in the current decentralization drive of city governance. Based on interviews of some municipal officials conducted in May and June 2011, this paper makes the case that the current urban governance crisis in Cameroon is traceable largely to the weak political impulse of central government to effectively relinquish its traditional grip on power at all levels of society. This partly explains why cities in Cameroon have failed to deliver expected services to their clientele, the population, on a regular and efficient manner.