This study was aimed at identifying the ecotype Apis mellifera subspecies in the savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria based on wing morphology and landmarks variations of samples collected from five States of savannah agroecological zone in the country. The measured variables were subjected to analysis with parametric statistic tools of mean, standard deviation and standard error. The distribution and relation between them were subjected to two step cluster analysis. Morphoclusters means were presented in centroids and also the simultaneous confidence intervals (95%) of means values of wing morphometric and landmarks were expressed. Savannah vegetation honeybee samples were classified into two distinct morphoclusters. Morphoclusters 1 constituted 56.4% of honeybees in the region while morphoclusters 2 had 43.6%. The within cluster percentage of state of honeybee showed all honeybee samples collected from Kebbi (100%) State were of morphoclusters 1 and also, morphoclusters 2 in Kaduna (100%) and Kwara (100%)States.

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is characterized by mobile hosts, dynamic topology, multi-hop wireless connectivity and infrastructureless ad hoc environment. The adhoc environment is accessible to both legitimate network users and malicious attackers. Moreover, as the wireless links are highly error prone and can go down frequently due to mobility of nodes, therefore, energy efficient, secure and stable routing over MANET is still a very critical task due to highly dynamic environment. In this research paper, an effort has been done to combine these factors of security, power and stable routing by proposing a new protocol EESSRP (Energy Efficient, Secure and Stable Routing Protocol). An experimental analysis of proposed protocol has been carried out using network simulator NS-2.34. An effort has been made to perform analysis using random way point mobility model. The results have been derived using self created network scenarios for varying number of mobile nodes. The performance metrics used for evaluation are packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, throughput, normalized routing load and packet loss. It has been concluded that the proposed protocol i.e. EESSRP provides energy efficient, secure and stable routing strategy for mobile adhoc networks.

This paper explores the benefits and entitlements due to members of three Nigerian migrant associations in Accra, Ghana. In doing this, the paper first attempts (re)tracing Nigerian presence in Ghana, and then discusses recent developments in Nigerian migration to Ghana. In the discussion on Nigerian migrant associations in Accra, Ghana, two specific issues are highlighted, namely, the profiles/activities of the associations and the benefits and entitlements due to association members and leaders. The discussions on the benefits and entitlements are grounded within the social capital framework. A number of conclusions have been reached based on the evidence of the empirical data.

A survey of S-shape microstrip antenna elements is presented, with emphasis on theoretical and practical design techniques. Available substrate materials are reviewed along with the relation between dielectric constant tolerance and resonant frequency of microstrip patches. The S-shape antenna is first studied by a modal-expansion (cavity) technique and then is fully analyzed with wave equations. This paper presents the analysis of the electric & magnetic wave equation with the help of the numerical method. And results expressed that there is no energy loss in the propagation of wave.

Pastoral resilience in East Africa demonstrates its suitability to the arid and semi-arid environment which is characterized by low, variable rainfall pattern, high temperature and uneven distribution of grazing land and water points. Pastoralists have long developed successfully tested adaptive strategies against environmental shocks through effective management of their resources. Adaptive strategies include the establishment of strong economic and social support networks, herd splitting, and herd diversification. More recent strategies include resort to agriculture and sedentary life, trade and wage labour migrations. However, current trends in climate change have made pastoralists more prone to ecological calamities. Drought has never been new to the Afar pastoralists but its frequent occurrence has incapacitated pastoral innovation on adaptation and coping among the Afar.

Image Processing applications have grown vastly in real world. Commonly due to limited depth of optical field lenses, it becomes inconceivable to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Image fusion deals with creating an image where all the objects are in focus. After image fusion, it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image enhancement, image segmentation, and edge detection. This paper describes an application of Neural Network (NN), a novel feature-level multifocus image fusion technique has been implemented, which fuses multi-focus image using classification. The image is divided into blocks. The block feature vectors are fed to feed forward NN. The trained NN is then used to fuse any pair of multi-focus images. The implemented technique used in this paper is more efficient. The comparisons of the different existing approaches along with the implementing method by calculating different parameters like PSNR,RMSE.

The Nigerian stock market have operated using the call-over system since inception, however, the call over system of trading was effective in handling the for few market transaction of the time. The emergence of a large trading facility as a result of the privatisation and the commercialisation of the hitherto government stock made the system feeble and unable to handle large transaction in the market, thus, necessitating the macrostructure change to the Automated Trading System (ATS) in 1999. Survey method using structured questionnaire was adopted for the study. It was revealed that the ATS was an effective trading system. The system brings about an efficient settlement system and foster new trading opportunities. It was recommended that to reduce human interference in the market further internationalisation of the market should be encouraged.

Social need of human expands vicinity of multi dimensional approach to the society which includes study of social philosophy; practices and changes create the social dimensions for us. A significant alteration pace provide continuity of circumstances. Considering governance by an actual base of polis and society covers the attitude of development to any nation.

Aim of this study was to examine the impact of viewer response profile on skepticism toward advertising and how they affect viewer response profile to skepticism toward advertising. General public was selected for this study and 170 Questionnaire were distributed out of which 150 were receiving back with response rate 88%. Findings of this study showed that viewer response profile has positive and significant impact on skepticism toward advertising. On the practical level viewer response profile and skepticism toward advertising enhance the profitability and achieve the organization goals. Newness of this study is its originality that concerns with the affect of viewer response profile on skepticism toward advertising.

As is indicated by the title this article is going to illustrate how the Catholic teaching on questions relevant to Christian marriage (e.g. indissolubility, monogamy, prohibition of unlawful sexual intercourse, adultery, homosexuality, lesbianism, Paedophilia, use of contraceptives, etc.) is rooted in the inner life of God himself, i.e. the trinity. For this purpose, an interpretation of the Catholic doctrine on the trinity will be briefly presented by taking the marital act licitly performed in sacramental marriage as point of departure.