In genome-wide association study (GWAS), various sliding-window scan approaches have been proposed recently. How to determine the optimal window size, which is influenced by the underlying linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, minor allele frequency (MAF) of the causal SNP, and others, is crucial for these methods. However, it is difficult to clarify the theoretical relationship between the optimal window size and these factors. In this regard, we proposed exhaustive strategy with ergodic window sizes along the genome matter whatever the relationship is. Simulations are conducted to assess statistical powers under different sample sizes, relative risks, MAF, LD patterns and window sizes, followed by a real data analysis to evaluate its performance. The simulation results suggested that it was difficult to determine the optimal window size because it was influenced by many factors such as MAF and LD pattern. Real data analysis indicated that the p-values with different window sizes were quite different. Furthermore, with the development of multiprocessor computational technique, the proposed exhaustive strategy combined with the cluster computer technique computationally efficient and feasible for analyzing GWAS data.So the exhaustive strategy is a powerful tool for GWAS data analysis regardless of the relationship between the window size and LD.

This paper proposes text mining of clinical practices to extract decision-making steps. These steps should be formed in- logical functions capable of branching on different plan set on some deciding variables. The probable action sequence will be notified on the data of patient given to the conditions of clinical guideline and this will also give critical conditions that need immediate attention. In this project medical grammar rules are applied to extract key decision making steps from the clinical guidelines. In the first step lexical analysis is performed to key- words like ‘if this then perform this, all the medical terms will be identified and this extracted rule set will be used to create a XSLT file. The patient data in form of an XML file will be then applied to the XSLT transformations or rule sets to derive final result of action plan specific to that patient.

The detected of spam messages in terms that better having a spam email in the inbox than a ham message in the junk, has been investigated recently. The main contribution of the paper consists in comparing three antispam filters used more nowadays, and will find that which is filter is of the future. By using filters we will also create some patterns as the result of training with different number of emails. Simulations show that due to the trainging of the filters it will be easier to detect the spams.

Reliable transport protocol like TCP has served well the wired Internet where the packet losses are mainly due to congestion, but is not ready for Mobile IP wired-cum-wireless environments where the significant packet losses are due to bit errors and handoffs. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of TCP among the various TCP variants. We have observed both TCP senders (Newreno & Vegas) and TCP receivers (Base & Delayed-Ack). Using ns-2, we have evaluated the TCP throughput and packet delay over a single TCP connection. The simulation results suggest that a particular combination (one TCP sender with one TCP receiver) of TCP shows the best result in such Mobile IP networks.

Clustering is an unsupervised classification that is the partitioning of a data set in a set of meaningful subsets. Each object in dataset shares some common property- often proximity according to some defined distance measure. Among various types of clustering techniques, K-Means is one of the most popular algorithms. The objective of K-means algorithm is to make the distances of objects in the same cluster as small as possible. Algorithms, systems and frameworks that address clustering challenges have been more elaborated over the past years. In this review paper, we present the K-Means algorithm and its improved techniques.

The key requirements of the channel filter in a software defined radio receiver are low power, low complexity and reconfigurability of the architecture used. An architecture based on frequency response masking (FRM) technique is recently reported which offers, reconfigurability at the filter and architecture levels, in addition to the inherent low complexity offered by the FRM technique. In this paper, we propose a modified architecture to reduce the overall complexity by realizing the prototype filter in the FRM technique by another FRM filter. The hardware implementation of the filter calls for the representation of the filter coefficients in the signed power of two (SPT) space. It is well known that if canonic signed digit (CSD) representation is employed in the SPT space, the hardware complexity can further be significantly reduced. Hence it is proposed in this paper to extend the CSD representation to the FRM based digital filters. The design of the FRM filter in the discrete space degrades the performance and this calls for the use of efficient non-linear optimization techniques. We use genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization which brings forth a near optimal solution. This results in very low power and low complexity FRM based multiplier-less reconfigurable non-uniform channel filters.

This paper specifically investigates the causality between education and economic growth in Zimbabwe during the period 1980 to 2008. The empirical investigation has been carried out by Pairwise Granger Causality and Vector Autoregression(VAR) modelling using modern econometrics techniques of unit root test since macroeconomic time series data was used which is frequently non stationary. The findings confirmed that there is uni-directional causality between education and economic growth in the Zimbabwean economy running from education to economic growth as established by granger causality tests, variance decomposition and impulse response functions. This shows that investing in education is important for economic growth. The results also confirm a transmission mechanism that runs from education to economic growth via physical capital investment. This shows that a rise in human capital boosts the return on physical investment. The study recommends that the government and the private sector should concentrate on policies that will improve the education system.

This study examines the attitude of consumers of small home appliance products in Iran and Dubai towards four elements of the marketing mix, Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Empirical data were gathered from 393 respondents in Iran and Dubai. Statistical analysis conducted using SPSS 18 software to test the research hypotheses about the similarity of each element’s importance in the two studied countries. The findings reveal great insights about customers’ preferences in each country. This novel study is of particular interest for the academic researches and marketing practitioners seeking firsthand information about customer attitudes both in Iranian and Dubai markets.

This study examines perception of climate change and adaptation strategies on catfish farming in Oyo State. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire to elicit information from 90 catfish farmers using snow ball technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistics such as frequency count, percentages, and mean. The results showed that majority (70.0%) of the respondents were aged 30-49 years, about 58.9% were males. Majority (68.9%) of the respondents was married and over 65.8% had completed formal schooling, while only 25.6% had not formal education. The average household size was 6 persons. However, the highest percentage on perceived climate change include incidence of heavy rainfall 82.2%, increased precipitation 78.9%. Adaptation strategies employed include isolation of sick fish, daily water temperature check and stocking of healthy fingerling which was ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The study concludes that respondent’s perception about climate change was unfavourable. The study therefore recommended that there should be introduction of sustainable fishing operation in the study area.

In this paper we have proved some coincidence and common fixed point theorem in cone metric space by using Jungck type contractive condition and generalized the results of Huang Long Guang and Zhang Xian.