Wireless Sensor Network consisting of a large number of sensor nodes that connected through wireless media has emerged as a ground breaking technology that offers unprecedented ability to monitor the physical word accurately. The privacy preservation is an important issue in wireless sensor network. Developing effective security solutions for wireless sensor networks are not easy due to limited resources. In this paper we propose new techniques for the purpose of security in wireless sensor network called as SDEP sensor data encryption protocol. In the scheme we use the RC 6 method for the purpose of encryption and decryption. RC 6 provide best confusion and diffusion properties with the less computational overhead. In order to confirm effectiveness of SDEP, a comparative performance evaluation with AES and RC 5 algorithms are presented in terms of memory requirement and execution time criteria. Our proposed scheme provides better performance than AES and RC 5 in the term of execution time and total memory requirement. We also provide simulation results for proposed method in the term of overhead and energy according to this result SDEP is strong block cipher for wireless sensor networks.

This study was meant to investigate the prevalence of counterfeiting in Nigeria, evaluating consumers’ experiences. The study was a survey which reacted act to a number of consumers of products, drawn in South-Western and South-Eastern Nigeria. A total of 517 participants took part in the study, diet of which 224(43.3%) were males while 293(56.7%) were females, with a mean age of 35.59 yrs (SD = 12.58). Questionnaire format was utilized for data collection in the study. Both the descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that more of the study participants indicated that most of the identified products in the study have their counterfeits available. The results also revealed that based on the extent of availability of counterfeited products, more of the study participants still expressed that the identified products are much available in Nigerian markets. The only hypothesis, stated and tested, which stated that there would be significant difference between consumers in South-Western and South-Eastern Nigeria on extent of availability of counterfeited products was supported (t (515) = 5.13, P<.001). The results were discussed adequately. It was therefore established that the issue of counterfeiting is real in Nigeria, as expressed by selected consumers of products. Some recommendations were offered in the study as mechanisms for controlling or eliminating counterfeiting. Keywords : Counterfeiting, Products, consumers, South- Eastern Nigeria, south-Western Nigeria.

In Vibrio cholerae motility has an important role in virulence. Beside this flrA, flrB and flrC regulate the expression of both flagellar structure and function in Vibrio cholerae. Quorum sensing autoinducer molecules regulate the expression of EPS in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strain MO10. The present study was conducted to investigate whether luxS gene (responsible for the synthesis of quorum sensing autoinducer molecule 2 i.e, AI-2) regulates motility as well as expression of both structural and functional regulatory genes flrA, flrB and flrC. In the peresent study we found that mutation in luxS gene caused reduction in motility and expression of flra was significantly decreased in the luxS mutant strain of the Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strain MO10 lac –. However expression of flrB and flrC remained unaltered by luxs gene. So luxS gene may regulate motility through the upregulation of flrA in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strain MO10.

Wireless Local Area (WLAN) has become a hot spot of application in the field oftelecommunication these years. To secure WLAN for data transmission, RC4 algorithm is able to provide the advantages of fast performance in the resource constrained environment. This paper analyzes the security of RC4 algorithm, presents a way to enhance the security of RC4 algorithm and analysis the affection of the enhanced algorithm by using MD5/hash function.

Single-track dependency amid dwindling global energy resources has lead to crises such as the one experienced in 2009 when Russia strangled Europe’s energy stream as a result of the Ukrainian-Russian gas conflict between Gazprom and Naftohas Ukrainy over supplies, prices, and debts. Past and current crises in the European Union (EU)-Russia energy relationship reveal the vulnerability of the VisegrádGroup (V4) (Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Czech Republic), which are among the most dependent countries within the EU on imports of oil and gas, especially since the group’s domestic production is largely incapable of meeting the current demands of its own consumers. As a result of slow progress with the Nabucco Pipeline (expected to be operational by 2017), the South Stream (completion due by 2015), and Germany seeking to secure its own energy future with the Nord Stream project, V4 countries face the threat of being left out in the cold. Europe’s renewed interest in energy security is influenced by internal and external factors. Internally, lack of coherent policy in securing newenergy sources for the V4 collectively as opposed to singular regional states, and declining European energy production and fragmented energy markets externally, have contributed to skepticism and fear over the V4’s energy future. This paper examines the V4’s critical energy security challenges as well as its position within an arena of competition as Russia, Norway, and Algeria remain the major gas suppliers of Europe, for the foreseeable future. In addition to critical analyses of both primary and secondary sources, a combined methodology of both qualitative and quantitative approaches is employed to assess V4 dependency on a variety of energy sources. This paper argues that V4 countries can enhance the security of its collective energy future in two ways, (1) the diversification of energy sources, and (2) reconsidering its energy policy to make energy security a central pillar wit

In this work Homotopy Analysis Method(HAM) is used for analytic treatment of the nonlinear hyperbolic-like equations with variable coefficients. This method can provide analytical solutions to the problems by just utilizing the initial conditions. The proposed iterative scheme finds the solution without any discretization, linearization or restrictive assumptions. The proposed method solves nonlinear problems without using Adomain polynomials which is the advantage of this method over Adomain Decomposition method. The results reveal that the HAM is very effective, fast, simple, convenient, flexible and accurate. Outcomes prove that HAM is in very good agreement with ADM,VIM HPM.

SME buyers tend to avoid formal binding contractual arrangements with suppliers of resources, a situation which creates operational and technical difficulties and increases transactional costs. Ntayi et al., 2010a using data from Ugandan SMEs have revealed that majority of buyers (83.4%) use oral agreements in their business transactions with suppliers. Only a few (16.6%) were observed to have used written contracts. Whereas informal and oral contracts are enforceable in the Uganda’s commercial court, the process of assembling evidence is tedious and takes long (Kiryabwire, 2010). In such circumstances parties privy to the contract end up losing genuine cases unfairly. Even where they are successful, the assessment of damages to be awarded to the victor is a nightmare as business records are non-existent to properly establish the impact of the breach of contract on the business (Kiryabwire, 2010). This happens in SME business relationships which are meant to generate intangible and tangible benefits in short or long terms through the firm’s social capital. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social capital, organizational amnesia, and moral reasoning on the enforcement behaviors of informal contracts in Ugandan SMEs. This study adopts a triangulation approach and collects data from a sample of 2,228 SMEs. Results reveal that social capital and organizational amnesia have a significant negative effect on the enforcement behavior of Ugandan buyer-supplier informal contracts. However, the interactive effects of: social capital and moral reasoning; and organizational amnesia and moral reasoning has a positive effect on the enforcement behavior of Ugandan buyer-supplier informal contracts. This has policy and managerial implications which we present and discuss in our paper.

Labor-management relations are the interacting relations between labor and management. The purpose of our study is to find out the worker wage satisfaction, worker satisfaction with supervisory behavior and worker satisfaction with welfare items. This cross sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to January 2011. A group of 200 employees was take part in this study through a predesigned questionnaire which consists of three parts to meet the objectives, which was collected from private organizations. There is an dilemma of weak relationship between labor and management that the labor force is not satisfied with their management behavior, wages and welfare items. Which tends towards the lack of accuracy in products and process of producing products. By this research we come to conclusion that the government should took part in this segment to apply the labor law accurately to provide the rights to the labor force and management should also have to contribute their efforts to satisfy their labor force so that they can perform well when they were satisfied perfect. Its means that the management is the part of labor force and labor is the part of management. This relation can become strong when they provide satisfaction to each other in work place.

The focus of this research study is to see the level of materialistic thoughts among the people. Now people value to extrinsic things rather than intrinsic. Enjoyment, physical pleasure, material possessions and comfort are now becoming necessities of life. This study was conducted in January-June 2010. To analyze the materialistic thoughts among people five variables money, poverty, personal happiness, advertisement and culture were used as measurement tools to find materialistic thoughts among housewives, students, businessmen and salary person. Questionnaire was developed which includes demographic portion which was with some open and some close ended questions. Questions related to variables were all close ended. Stratified random sampling technique was used. Sample size was of 200. In results, there was no association between money, advertisement, poverty, culture, personal happiness with Study group. The materialistic thought is increasing among people due to two factors money and advertisement. Under recommendation it’s said that all that glitters is not gold so we should not give importance to luxurious things.

This study was conducted to assess the influence of farmers’ group cohesion on climate change adaptation measures in Delta State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from 143 arable crop farmers drawn from the three agricultural zones of the state. Data were collected with the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Most of the farmers subscribed to groups for access to extension service and credit facilities. The various groups were cohesive and the level of adoption of climate change adaptation strategies was high. Group cohesion influenced the high level of adoption of climate change adaptation methods .The major barriers to adaptation to climate change were lack of money and scarcity of technologies. It was recommended that farmers should be encouraged to continue to subscribe to farmers’ group and should be given credit through the groups by the government and more technologies on climate change adaptation should be transferred to farmers.