A large number of researchers have accredited the importance of Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty, Customer Retention and Cause Related Marketing, however they generally discus about their segregate effect on other variables in developed countries. Slight evidence is obtainable on Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty, Customer Retention and Cause Related Marketing from under developed countries like Pakistan. This study analyzes the Effect of Customer Trust on Customer Loyalty and Customer Retention and the Moderating Role of Cause Related Marketing in Cellular Service Operators like Mobilink, Telenor, Warid, Ufone and Zong. The outcome of the study refer that the Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty and Cause Related Marketing have a positive association but surprisingly the Customer Trust and Customer Retention have negative association in Pakistani context. Pakistani Cellular Service Operators have need to clearly define and reframe their policies regarding religious aspect, creating more ease to understand complex price structure and thoroughly understanding buying patterns of customers to retain them for a long life.

It is well known that noise in Magnetic Resonance Image has a Rician distribution. Unlike additive Gaussian noise, Rician noise is signal dependent, and separating signal from noise is a difficult task. In this paper, a denoising technique is used in order to remove Rician noise from MRI using Waveatom shrinkage. De-noising by any shrinkage technique is highly sensitive to the threshold selection. Here to estimate the noise variance, histogram based technique is used and to calculate the shrinkage threshold a new technique is proposed. This method is applied to both simulated images and real images. Wave atom transform has been applied for different noise levels. This has been done in order to find more accurate results. A comparative analysis of wave atom and wavelet is also performed.

The materials are essential for critical performance of electronic products. Disposal of some of these materials, however, poses a serious threat to the environment after endof- life of the product. The European Union and other developed countries have already enacted legislative measures as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive to restrict the use of certain substances in the manufacturing of the electronic products. India has also notified similar legislation on 12th May 2011 to address this serious issue. Indian electronic manufactures are however facing serious challenges due to this legislative restriction. Industry needs testing and certification of admissible level of hazardous substances in the product for necessary compliance. The testing facilities available with few private laboratories are not adequate. Department of lectronics and Information Technology, Government of India, has therefore created a state-of-art laboratory with modern analytical instruments to address the growing demand of the industry. This article provides an overview of the RoHS and other related legislative measures present in the world and in India. An attempt is also made to study the preparedness of the industry and the immediate impact on the business of electronic sector.

In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between capital structure or leverage and performance of listed bank in Ghana from 2000 to 2010. Data was collected from Ghana stock exchange and annual report of the listed banks. Panel regression methodology was used to analyse the data. The result revealed that the banks listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange are highly geared and this is negatively related to the banks performance. The study shows that there is high level gearing among listed banks. This can be attributed to their over dependency on short term debt as a result relatively high Bank of Ghana Lending rate and low level of bond market activities.The regression result also revealed that capital Structure is inversely related to performance of the listed bank in terms of return on Equity and Tobin’s q.

Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to assess the internal auditing practices on the financial performance of government-owned companies (GOCs) and to consider the The effect of a contextual factor-Political influence – on this relationship.While Much emperical works have given diverse reasons for the poor financial performance of GOCs, research evidence of the impact of internal auditing practices on the financial performance of GOCs in the Nigerian context is scanty. Design/ Methodology/Approach : The study adopted a nomothetic methodology (quantitative approach). Data were collected from key informants using a research instrument. Employing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS) Version 13.0, returned instruments were analyzed using frequency tables, Pearson’s and Stepwise Regression Method. Finding : The study found no strong association between internal auditing practices and financial performance of GOCs and thattt political influences do not significantly impact this relationship. The weak association between internal auditing practicesand financial performance is attributed to these enterprises’ inadequacy and poor implementation of internal auditing practices. Where internal auditing is de-emphasized it cannot impact positively on performance. Practical Implications : The paper recommends the need for the establishment of an Audit Department where it is non-existent, taking into consideration the size of the Enterprise as well as the strenghtening of the Department by according it the necessary Professional independence and employing adequate number of experienced and qualified staff. Originality/Value : This pape has provided useful insights and fresh emperical evidence of the relationship between internal auditing practices and financial performance of government enterprises in the Nigerian context.

NA

- The purpose of this research is to determine that the impact of work family conflict (WFC) and pay over employee’s job satisfaction (JS) in banking sector with the moderating role of Perceived supervisor support between Work Family conflict (WFC) and job satisfaction (JS). For this purpose data was collected from the employees of 15 commercial banks in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad and Muzaffarabad. Result indicates that work family conflict(WFC) are significantly negatively correlated with job satisfaction and pay is strongly positive correlated with job satisfaction but surprising perceived supervisor supported is not playing the moderating role between WFC and JS. The finding of paper is helpful for Banking Industry in order to design the HR policy which will reduce the WFC and increased employee’s job satisfaction and also for future researcher in respective topics.

This study was conducted to evaluate the socio-economic analysis of artisanal fisher folks in Ogun Waterside Areas, Ogun State using structured interview guides to collect primary data randomly from eighty respondents in four fishing communities (Iwopin, Oni, Makun-omi and Agbalegiyo) in 2011 fishing season. The information collected was analyzed using descriptive and budgetary analysis. The results reveals that almost average (53.8%) of the fisher-folks were males while 81.2% were in the active age distribution of 20- 60 years, no formal education (60.0%) while 37.5% are in the bracket of 11-20 year fishing experiences, married (91.3%) and (68.8%) are not members of any fisher cooperative societies. Most (71.4%) of the fisher folks inherited the fishing knowledge within the household. The total revenue (N83,762.50), Benefit Cost Ratio (0.45) and Gross Margin Ratio (49.30) showed profitability of fishery business. Constraints faced artisanal fisher folks includes inadequate storage (96.3%), infestation by water hyacinth (93.8%), inadequate power (88.8%), inadequate technology (87.5%), inaccessible credits and high cost of fishing inputs. There are significant difference between socio-demographic features and income level. Also, there are significant differences between constraints faced by the fisher folks and their profit level. Implications of these findings were critically examined, and pertinent recommendations were proffered based on the salient findings in the study.

A theoretical analysis of the effects of permeability and the injection/suction on an oscillatory free convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through a highly porous medium bounded between two infinite vertical porous plates is presented. The entire system rotates about the axis normal to the planes of the plates with uniform angular velocity . For small and large rotations the dependence of the steady and unsteady resultant velocities and their phase differences on various parameters are discussed in detail.

This paper explores the multiplicity of paradigm shifts in eLearning applications of information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher education institutions (HEI) around the world. Education is reported as the biggest user of software products thus, intentional or unintentional, changes are occurring in user-perceptions, use, and use-environments. These are called ‘paradigm-shifts’ in the structure and roles of higher education. The advances in educational technologies (ETS) are pressing users to change not only in practice but also in conceptions, attitudes, and culture. These shifts are occurring from: 1. technocracy to democracy, 2. behavior to belief, 3. computerization to personalization and 4. from teacher to student-centered learning. Catching up with these departures warrant hectic efforts by government, HEI, and the university constituents: teachers, students and administrators. Developed and developing states are handling it differently due to the diversities of technologies available, professionalism, and variations in political, economic, social and cultural contexts.