Cryptanalysis of ciphertext by using evolutionary algorithm has gained so much interest in recent years. In this paper we have used a Genetic algorithm with improved crossover operator (Ring Crossover) for cryptanalysis of SDES. There so many attacks in cryptography. The cipher text attack only is considered here and several keys are generated in the different run of the genetic algorithm on the basis of their cost function value which depends upon frequency of the letters. The results on the S-DES indicate that, this is a promising method and can be adopted to handle other complex block ciphers like DES, AES.

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a temporary network setup for a specific purpose without help of any preexisting infrastructure. The nodes in MANET are empowered to exchange packet using a radio channel. The nodes not in direct reach of each other uses their intermediate nodes to forward packets. (MANET) environment of MANET makes it vulnerable to various network attacks. A common type of attacks targets at the underlying routing protocols. Malicious nodes have opportunities to modify or discard routing information or advertise fake routes to attract user data to go through themselves. Some new routing protocols have been proposed to address the issue of securing routing information. However, a secure routing protocol cannot single-handedly guarantee the secure operation of the network in every situation. The objectives of the paper is to study the performance and effectiveness of some secure routing protocols in these simulated malicious scenarios, including ARIADNE and the Secure Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol (SAODV).

As a compulsory course of law specialty in China’s online higher diploma education, online education course of constitution has the features that meet the necessity of distance education in the Internet age as well as the basic requirements of constitutional course teaching to be a vital way to perfect the constitutional course teaching. The springing up of various network media technology and the lower demands for the software and hardware in learning the course provides the indispensable components for the realization of constitutional online education course. The design of teaching technique environment, teaching structure, teaching contents and the evaluation of teaching quality is the elemental path for constructing constitutional online education course.

The object of this paper is to discuss an application to certain products containing the H-function of several complex variables in boundary value problems. The results established in this paper are general nature & hence encompass several cases of interest.

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a new networking paradigm. In the development of Mobile Ad hoc networks routing is the main issue. There are different security flaws and attacks on routing protocols in MANETs. These attacks can affect the performance of different routing protocols. Blackhole is one of these attacks. The blackhole attack can affect the performance of different routing protocols. During this attack, a malicious node captures packets and not forwards them in the network. This paper illustrates how blackhole attack can affect the performance of routing protocol, AODV, in Mobile Ad hoc networks by using NS-2.34 simulator.

Machiavellianism is an essential personality attribute for medical representatives in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of the study is to find out the Machiavellian orientation among gender and domestic or multinational pharmaceutical companies. Data is collected using a simple random and cluster sampling through a structured questionnaire using Mach IV scale (n=300). The research design is hypothesis testing and it is a cross-sectional study. Results indicate that male and multinational company medical reps are low Machiavellians compared to female and domestic company medical representatives. If the pharmaceutical companies can determine Machiavellianism of medical representatives at the time of their selection itself this can be a litmus test to determine their potential as productive medical representative. Machiavellian orientation will be more beneficial in the short term, and may damage the long term relationship with wholesalers and the medical fraternity. Hence, there is a need of more studies on long term relationships.

Exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Because the nasal cavity is a common portal of entry, respiratory and olfactory epithelia are vulnerable targets for toxicological damage. The brain is a target for several environmental substances that may or may not be primarily airborne. Neurodevelopment and neuro-behaviour largely reflect brain development and its chemically induced modification, with resulting delays or deficits in development. It is generally believed that the developing brain is a particularly vulnerable target for chemical insult, and that such insult may have long lasting or even irreversible developmental consequences. Environmental exposures in uterus and during early life may permanently change the body’s structure, physiology and metabolism, and lead to diseases in adult life. Infants are particularly vulnerable because of their rapid growth and cell differentiation, immaturity of metabolic pathways and development of vital organ systems. The central nervous system has unprotected barriers and a broad time window of conformation, leading to a long period of vulnerability in the developmental process and to susceptibility to any environmental insult leading to neurological diseases.

Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries in South-Asian region, with a per capita annual income of around $ 750. People’s purchasing power is very low compared to other South and South East Asian countries. People of urban areas are the main customers of branded consumer products in Bangladesh. People of lower middle class are very important in respect of the size to total urban population as well as total consumption in low involvement products. In dividing the total consumer sector some aspects are taken into concern to justify its effect on the buying pattern of this specific class. The consumer class can be divided on the basis of economic condition, social status, basic buying orientation, geographical aspect or some inherent reinforcement. These attributes helps not only to study the buying orientation of different class people but also act as a vibrant and vigorous sours to identify the reaction with the change in situation. Buying behavior of existing and potential customers is of strategic importance for the market success of business organizations. Proper understanding and awareness of this give manufacturers a competitive edge over others who do not have or lack proper understanding and awareness of consumers buying orientation. Standard textbook on marketing and consumer behavior generally identify purchase occasion, benefits derives, user status, usage rate, brand loyalty, buyer readiness stage etc. as the bases for behavioral basis and a pragmatic way for market segmentation. But there are some other factors that are of great importance to the customer while buying the daily necessity goods. As a result this issue inspired us to consult about those factors that are of value to the people of lower middle class of the metropolitan city Khulna, Bangladesh.

This research examines the relationship of firm performance dependency on, strategic contribution, Personal credibility, HR delivery and business knowledge. This research has focused on RG pharmaceutical firm i.e. from Peshawar, Pakistan. Research analyzed the involvement of these four variables in performance of RG pharmaceuticals. Results show that there is significant relationship between RG performnce and strategic contribution, Personal credibility, HR delivery and business knowledge. Study use framework consisting of different variables and regression and correlation analysis of these variables is conducted to find relationship between dependent and independent variables. The knowledge from the results of this study serves as basis of recommendations for maximizing and help RG pharmaceuticals that how and which variable has more impact on it productivity. The result shows that the strategic contribution and HR delivery play vital role in the performance of RG Pharmaceutical.

Nowadays, a demand is strongly expressed concerning education’s modernization. Schools are required to ‘change’ and adapt to contemporary demands. Greek State promotes many changes, such as institutional, changes in the curriculum’s content and structure and other innovations. Teachers are the persons asked to implement those changes. One aspect of educational changes concerns the methods used mostly by teachers in the implementation of educational changes. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the causes that according to teachers’ opinion, many educational changes are annulled. A questionnaire was given to teachers who work in State Primary Schools in the city of Patras in the South West of Greece.