Recently the synthesis of [3-13C]-, [4-13C]-, and [11-13C]- porphobilinogen, [15N,13C4]-1H - pyrrole-2,3,5 - tricar - boxylic acid, [1-15N]-3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole and [2-13C]- and [3-13C]-cyano-4- methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one have been published. Incorporation of 13C and 15N in these systems at any position and combination of positions has become accessible. Also mild alkylations of active methylene compounds with α-halo carbonyl compounds open up many 3-pyrrolin-2- ones and pyrrole systems based on stable isotope building blocks that have been published. This gives the access to a whole new library of stable isotope enriched pyrroles in any stable isotope enriched form. This is also the case for biliverdin IXα which after enzymatic treatment has been

Generation scheduling is a most important task in the operation and planning of power system. It can be on real term, short term, medium term, and long term basis as per the scheduled horizon. Scheduling of purely hydroelectric system differ from the thermal scheduling and hydrothermal scheduling problems in two aspects firstly fuel cost for the thermal part of the system can no longer be used in the objective function. Secondly water availability in seasonal reservoirs is the necessary part of such system. Many researchers suggested different solution algorithms of optimization for each type of problem and claimed better solution. This paper presents a Natural Exponential Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization (NEIW_PSO) approach to determine the optimal generation schedule of hydro power plants of cascaded hydroelectric test system.

A field experiment was conducted on Serdang soil, to study the effect of both phosphorus application and bacterial inoculation on the growth and yield of soybean crop under irrigation by saline water (3.5dS/m). Factorial experiment was used with randomize complete block design (RCBD) for phosphorus and Rhizobial inoculation factors, the phosphorus levels were 0, 40, 80 and 120 Kg P /ha, while Rhizobial inoculation contained two treatments( Rhizobial inoculation and control) with three replicates. The following parameters were measured: number of nodules, weight of nodules, plant dry weight, plant height, number of pods, weight of pods and root dry weight. The results showed that the inoculation treatment was significantly higher than non – inoculation treatment, also results showed increasing in all parameters at 120 Kg P/ ha. We can conclude that the rhizobial inoculation with phosphorus application for soybean crops caused increasing in both yield and its components

An attempt has been made to establish an integral concerning the product of two H-function of several complex variables (Srivastava and Panda [8] with extended Jacobi polynomial [5]). Mainly we are using the series representation of H-function given by Olkha and Chaurasia [6,7]. By assigning suitable values to the parameters, the results can be reduced to many new, known and unknown results.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the financial data of cable and wire industry over the decade. In this analysis we see that the performance of cable and wire industry with the help of financial data of cable and wire industry from 2001 to 2010. It will do this by the dependent and independent variables like paid-up-capital, sales, profit after tax, assets, equity and number of shares. With the help of graphical representation which will make it easy for us to analyse when the industry was flourishing the most.

Wheat is a cereal of choice in most countries of the world and it is a staple food crop for more than 35% of the world population and also one of the widely cultivated crops in Syria. Constant efforts are therefore needed to boost its production to keep the pace with ever increasing population. But unfortunately, these efforts are seriously being hampered by a number of abiotic stresses among which is drought. Considerable attention over the years from plant breeders with the purpose of increasing the grain yield and to minimize crop loss due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Drought tolerance is a difficult trait to define as it encompasses a wide range of characteristics involving multiple genetic, physiological, cellular and biochemical strategies in the plant. Nine tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible durum wheat varieties were used in this experiment with major objective of examine the efficiency of the physiological system of these varieties under rainfed condition. Our result clearly showed significant differences between the three groups of varieties under study at vegetative and anthesis stage.

This paper presents a new application for linear Kalman filter algorithm for power system frequency estimation. The filter uses the digitized samples of the three-phase voltages or current waveform signals. These three phases are transformed into two αβγ -phases, using the well-known αβγ -transformation matrix. Having obtained the signal of the two new phases, a complex phasor is constructed using the new two-phase voltages. Kalman filter is then applied to extract the frequency and phase angle of the fundamental component of the complex and actual recorded phasor. The proposed algorithm is tested on simulated data at different conditions for the three phase signals; noise free and balanced three phase signals, unbalanced three-phase system and harmonics contaminated three phase signals. It has been shown that the proposed filters with the proposed transformation are succeeded to estimate the signal frequency at off nominal, near nominal and at nominal frequency.

Cet article traite la manière selon laquelle l’État doit gérer les effets sociaux associés à la privatisation des entreprises publiques (EP). Dans les pays africains un tel sujet prend beaucoup plus d’ampleur et d’importance étant donné que les conditions sociales de base sont d’ores et déjà si dégradées et si critiques (pauvreté, chômage, inégalité, etc.). Dans de telles circonstances le gouvernement est invité à jouer deux rôles fondamentaux, primo cerner les effets sociaux liés à la privatisation du secteur public et secundo alléger les coûts sociaux que supportent les individus ou les groupes d’individus suite à ladite privatisation. De même le gouvernement doit veiller à ce que son intervention soit efficace économiquement afin de permettre au processus de privatisation et de restructuration des EP d’atteindre ses objectifs escomptés.

CBDRA is a tool to analyze the community involvement in disaster management programmes and strategies because the ultimate aim of any disaster management is for safer the community and, also, the local communities are always the first responder. It helps to prepare people, respond to disasters and recover from emergencies. This paper deals with the concept of community based disaster management (CBDM) & CBDRM, explains different disasters and their impacts of disasters in Uttarakhand through disaster risk analysis, and case studies. For the data collection authors have used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, interviews, secondary data etc. and for data analysis different techniques and software‘s like GPS, Ilwis 3.7, Statistics, and Arc 9 etc have been applied.

The national accounts appear to be saying that the NMWs are worth nothing; but, in reality, the NMWs increase the value of purchased goods and services and contribute to the formation and development of human resources. Abdel, et al. (1969), Chadeau, (1992), Hamdad, (2003), Charmes, (2006) put their effort to evaluate the NMWs for their respective countries by introducing satellite account and finally comparing with the national account. Although the processes of evaluation of the NMWs are difficult task, here two methods, such as works method and opportunity cost method, have been incorporated to evaluate the NMWs in Bangladesh. To know individual worth to producing NMWs and to discover the method of estimation of the NMWs, this study presents the idea of our economy which is always undermined by the conventional market framework. This study is principally based on primary data and case studies. To know the contribution of different groups of people who produce NMWs, this research concentrates on aggregate output of the value of NMWs. This study find that earning member, total hours of NMWs, estimated total support and employment status were the significant determinant to evaluate the aggregate value of NMWs. Two models were considered based on two methods of estimation. Both of the models signify the said independent variables. By taking rational figures (available information on field research) against the independent variables, this research uncover that tk.2,714 person/per month and tk. 2,317 person/month were produced by works method and opportunity cost method respectively.