Three treatments of water application on NHVIA pepper were carried out at Department of Agricultural Engineering Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The study was conducted during the dry seasons of 2008 and 2009 respectively in order to determine the growth, yield; and evaluate water use of pepper. Relationship between crop water use and yield produced from pepper grown under micro- sprinkler irrigation system was established. NHV1A variety of pepper was nursed for six weeks and transplanted. It was subjected to three treatments based on 50% water requirement (WR) of pepper as low (treatment 1, T1), 75% WR as medium (T2) and 100% WR as high (T3) irrigation systems. Water applications were carried 3-day interval, volume of water applied in each treatment was technically monitored. Water balance parameters such as Soil Moisture Content (SMC) and evapotranspiration were measured using tensiometer and Water Balance Equation respectively. Agronomic parameters such as plant height stem diameter, fruit width, length, root depth, leaf area and leaf area index were measured on weekly interval. It was observed that T3 recorded highest yield of 20.101 ton/ha in 2008 and 21.062 ton/ha in 2009 seasons, while T1 with minimum yield of 14.886 ton/ha and 15.260 ton/ha for the two seasons, respectively. In addition, T3 recorded maximum crop water use of 821.07 mm in 2008 and 833.61 mm in 2009 seasons, respectively.

The present investigation deals with the deformation of a micropolar elastic solid with void overlying a semi-infinite inviscid fluid subjected at the plane interface due to various sources. Laplace and Fourier transform techniques have been used to solve the problem. The expressions of the displacement components, stress, couple stress and change in volume fraction field are obtained in the transformed domain. As an application of the approach (i) concentrated force (ii) uniformly distributed force (iii) linearly distributed force (iv) moving couple have been taken to illustrate the utility of the approach. A particular case of interest have been deduced from the investigation.

In this study we set out to examine the impact of institutional support and macroeconomic policy on the growth performance of the agricultural sector in Nigeria. Data on relevant variables were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 1970-2008. The data series were examined for unit roots and cointegration. The series were characterized as 1(1) and are also cointegrated. A model which relate the index of agricultural production to exogenous variables such as the volume of credit to the agricultural sector, interest rate spread, dummy for institutional reforms, deficit financing, were estimated using a cointegrating regression method. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares option was used in our regression. The results indicate that the volume of credit to the agricultural sector, deficit financing income (GDP) and institutional reform (Dum) were positively and significantly accounted for innovations in agricultural output for the period studied. The interest rate spread has a negative relationship with agricultural output growth but not significant. The study recommends liberalized interest rate policy and enhanced institutional support to the agricultural sector.

This study explores the differences and similarities between Turkish and English in the areas of morphology and lexical meaning. The discussion leads to different major conclusions. Personal endings(-im(I),-sin(you/singular),-dir(he,she,it),-iz(we),-siniz(you/plural),-ler(they) which stand for (Be) and (NP subject) in Turkish are attached to nouns and adjectives as the following examples:Ben Ŏğretmenim /ben əʊretmenım/ ((- im) attached to noun)I + teacher +personal suffix stands for Be (-im) (I am ateacher)BenHastay׀m /ben hæstæjəm/ ((- m) attached to adjective)I + sick+(y) buffer sound between two vowels+personal suffix stands for Be(-im) (I am sick) Ben (I) in both examples could be omitted without changing the meaning because of the personal endings as follows: Ŏğretmenim / əʊretmenım/ teacher +personal suffix (-im) stands for Be and the subject (I am a teacher) The personal endings stated above are attached to the word "değil" /deɣıl/(not) to make the present tense "Be" negative as the following example: Ben hasta değilim/ben hæstæ deɣılım/ I +sick +negative morpheme (değil)+personal suffix stands for Be (-im) (I am not sick.) Such conclusions are helpful in language teaching materials, syllabuses and test construction.

The main aim of the present paper is to compute a summation formula linked with recurrence relation and contiguous relation.

The present study has been attempted to understand and explain the job satisfaction, which influenced by utilitarian reasons (e.g., to increase productivity and organizational commitment, lower absenteeism and turnover, and ultimately increase organizational effectiveness) as well as humanitarian interests (i.e., the notion that employees deserve to be treated with respect and have their psychological and physical well-being maximized). The satisfied workers also tend to engage in Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) i.e., altruistic behaviours that exceed the formal requirements of a job. Dissatisfied workers show an increased propensity for counterproductive behaviours, including withdrawal, burnout, and workplace aggression. The present study emphasized on job satisfaction of private sector bank’s executives in Bangladesh. For primary data some bank executives have been selected purposively in Chittagong, Bangladesh with the sample size of thirty five. We used sophisticated statistical model Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study has identified eight factors based on factor loadi ngs named as ‘better working environment’; officer’s view’;‘worked efficiently’; ‘present work’; ‘improving interpersonal relationship’; ‘bank treatments’; ‘colleagues’ and ‘challenging work’. However only ‘colleagues’ factor is significantly correlate with overall job satisfaction of bank executives

It has been observed that employee turnover, especially amongst public sector organizations, is becoming a problem which costs a lot of money, efforts and energy. This problem might be a major obstacle for HR professionals in formulation of their HR policies. This study aims to identify the main turnover factors in some public sector regulatory authorities and to suggest some employee retention strategies within the Pakistani context. Data was collected by a questionnaire distributed amongst 568 employees, developed on the basis of extensive literature review. The importance of having a retention strategy, which is based on a well articulated human resources management system, was stressed.

The present article tries to make a fresh analysis of Shakespeare’s touchstone Hamlet taking into consideration the term polar concept argument. Polar concept is a postmodern hermeneutical form of reading and analyzing texts which sprung from the mind of the British philosopher and critic Gilbert Ryle. Polar concept, as a reading strategy, is a kind of argument that affirms the understanding of one concept, from the mere understanding of its polar opposite. English literature is replete with write-ups that tackle readers in a dilemmatic situation, and this has always caused the dualistic concepts to come to the fore; however in a polar concept strategy understanding occurs because the existence of one concept paves the way for its contrary and consequently leads to a dialectical monism. The polar concept as a literary term has played a very crucial role in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, therefore, this study is an attempt to highlight the polarity of different concepts in this tragedy. The author believes that by drawing a paradigm of polar concepts throughout Hamlet, or any other text, readers would be able to enjoy different levels of meanings without being petered out by the dexterity of literary devices andtropes.

Nigeria discovered oil and gas resources in 1956, and has had poor economic performance and even civil war between 1967 and 1970. The recent discovery of petroleum resources in Ghana is one of the positive shocks that country has experienced in the recent past. How this initial positive shock is converted into durable all round development benefits is argued in this paper to be a matter of policy. Unlike Nigeria, Ghana has an added advantage. It can learn from other countries’ experiences, notably Nigeria and Angola and make better policies to ensure economic growth and sustainability.Casual observation tends to assume that the exploitation of natural resources such as Oil lead to an increase in income with positive knock on effects to poverty reduction. However, research shows that developing African countries that have at least 25 percent of their exports from natural resources are more likely to have conflicts. Resource conflicts seem to be driven by poor governance, greed and corruption. Improved governance of income from petroleum resources in Ghana could reduce the risk of conflict in Ghana provided Ghanaian government is ready to learn from Nigerian’s bitter experiences. Collier (2005) argues that conflicts prone countries are more likely to poorly convert their income from natural resources into growth and revenue. He opines that revenue from primary commodities is a risk factor in civil war. This paper argues that Ghana should subscribe to the principles of good governance. Improved governance will help to reduce both domestic as well as regional conflict risks.

The fast food culture is fast expanding in Nigeria. Much of that is attributable to the increasing affluence, rapid urbanization, and changing life sytles among Nigerians. Although many of the fastfood chains offer similar or undifferentiated products the way and manner their services are provided are critical to gaining competitive edge. In Asaba the Delta State capital, experience has shown that as one new fast food outlet opens shop some of the old ones close, thereby suggesting a “revolving door syndrome” in the fast food industry. This paper therefore, sought to assess the perceptions of customers about service quality in selected fast food restaurants in Asaba. A total of 180 customers were randomly selected and administered a 22 – item structured questionnaire out of which 120 were found useable. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the range of products, availability and consistency of products as well as packaging significantly affect customer perception about service quality at .001. Gender and price do not affect customer perceptions about quality of service. The findings further showed that customers patronize fast food for the change and not because of nutritional value. Therefore fast food is not yet perceived as a clear alternative to homemade cooking. Major recommendation is for fast food chains to improve on the nutritional value of their products.