The study examined the impact of human resource allocation and utilization on the academic performance of students in public and private secondary schools in Ondo State. The study recognized the teachers’ quality while the students’ academic performance in the JSSCE and SSSCE is part of the output variables. The study made use of 900 teachers and 100 principals selected through purposive random sampling who responded to the research instrument from both public and private secondary schools. Three research questions and two hypotheses were raised in the study. Data were gathered through a self-developed questionnaire titled Human Resource Allocation and Utilization Questionnaire (HRAUQ) which was subjected to face and content validity by colleagues. The reliability value was 0.79 which indicated that the instrument was reliable before it was administered on teachers and principals. Analysis of data reveals that no significant difference existed in the quality of teaching staff and students’ academic performance between the public and private secondary schools. These findings provide vivid evidence for recommendations such as improving quality of input through training and re-training of public and private secondary schools teaching staff and adopting quality control measures towards increase in internal efficiency of the school system.