Twenty eight male patients with non-pathological fracture neck of femur (FNOF), age range 61-89 years, mean age 74.4 years, presented for surgery for fracture neck of femur to Merlin Park Regional Hospital, Galway Ireland and 28 age and sex matched control patients, age range 60-85 years, mean age 72.4 years who were admitted to the medical ward for chest pain were included in the study....