Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been identified by WHO as one of the deadliest viral diseases in Africa due to its high prevalence and complications. Thus urgent research and policy attention is needed to stem its spread. The study assessed factors associated with the completion of hepatitis B vaccine among Babcock University students, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 360 students to participate in the study after completing all requirements for ethical clearance. Data gathered from the respondents were subjected to descriptive analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Ver. 17). Most of the respondents are adults above 20 years and were aware of the HBV (89%). Despite serious efforts made by the University at educating the students about Hepatitis B, more than 40 % of the students still do not know the causative organism and are totally oblivious of the importance of vaccination. Also, 73% of the students had not completed the recommended 3 dosage vaccines. The findings also showed that despite the high level of awareness up to 44 percent of the students were not sure of their status or have not been previously immunized, indicating that their knowledge did not motivate their actions or practice. Factors which positively influenced completion of immunization dosage were the students’ perceived need to be protected from HBV, the availability of vaccine, their knowledge of the fact that the monetary cost of vaccine had already been included in the school bills, their opinion that immunization is part of the criteria for complete registration, their knowledge of the effectiveness of the vaccine to protect against HBV, and their perceived susceptibility to HBV infection. Conversely, factors constraining respondents’ completion of immunization dosage were their forgetting the date for next appointment, their perception that the vaccine was not necessary, their lack of knowledge about the total number of doses to be take

In spite of the exceptional development of the human community in the last few decades, the present state of development manifests not only increasing differences between parts of human society but also a serious threat to man’s survival. Numerous problems, as a result of the development to date as well as of the existing present day problems are an indication of the need to change the approach and ways of developing life and work in the human community. The influential factors impacting development include man, science and education, technology and technical sciences, natural resources and socio-political systems. Human development is considered the best alternative in regard to which corresponding goals, criteria and standards are proposed as well as man becoming both the subject and object of development. New development should be pursued in an integral and coordinated manner in all segments of life and work in society. Regional development and local self-government, sustainable development and environmental protection as well asthe education and professional training of people represent the three main determinants, namely, areas on which it is necessary and possible to place emphasis in future development.

In spite of the exceptional development of the human community in the last few decades, the present state of development manifests not only increasing differences between parts of human society but also a serious threat to man’s survival. Numerous problems, as a result of the development to date as well as of the existing present day problems are an indication of the need to change the approach and ways of developing life and work in the human community. The influential factors impacting development include man, science and education, technology and technical sciences, natural resources and socio-political systems. Human development is considered the best alternative in regard to which corresponding goals, criteria and standards are proposed as well as man becoming both the subject and object of development. New development should be pursued in an integral and coordinated manner in all segments of life and work in society.

In order to determine the existing relation between the productivity of the dairy farms, the forms of commercializing the milk and the quality of life of the dairy producers in “La Cienega” region with their educational level, this study was made. In this, a total of 90 surveys were applied (30 by locality) in the three potential municipalities: Atotonilco el Alto (AA), La Barca (LB) and Tototlán (TOT). The producers were selected from the Association of Dairy Producers list in each municipality, taking into account the percentage of presence from the three established productive layers in an official way (FIRCO, 1985 and SAGARPA, 2005) in the State of Jalisco: 60, 30 and 10% for small (pp), medium (mp) and big producers (gp) respectively. On the basis of this classification, the considered producers were 54pp, 27mp and 9gp, likewise 18pp, 9mp and 3gp for each one of the three studied municipalities. The results indicate a very high relation between the educational level and productivity (r = 0.83); a medium relation between the education and the commercialization type (r = 0.52) and a good relation between the educational level with the quality of life (r = 0.67). In a general way, we can say than with greater educational level, more improvements are presented in the productive level, the milk is commercialized in an organized way and the quality of life is increased. Nevertheless, this asseveration gets us in a tight spot in the municipality, region and state levels; since the average educational level in the region is elementary school (78%), in addition that the average age is 60.3 years old, whichclearly indicates the limited education and the high age of the producers, which would explain then the tendency towards lower productive levels, the insistence in the individual work and the resistance to organize themselves for the commercialization of the milk in spite of the efforts of very diverse official and private institutions, and mainly the poor quality

This research inspects the shock of marketing mix strategies on patient satisfaction at Wolaita Sodo University teaching and referral hospital. It consist dependent and independent variables. The dependent variable called hospital performance which measured by patient satisfaction. The independent variables are familiar with the culture the research case which includes; promotion, price, physical evidence, process, people, access/place/distribution and service of health. The research used quantitative data to explore its relationship by having primary data through a questionnaire, which was administered in the Otona teaching and referral hospital. The researcher targeted the hospital’s professionals who were working at radiology, gynecology, pharmacy, eye clinic and other specialist’s sections. The research population of this research consists of 243 workers/specialists from Otona hospital in South Nation Nationalities People Region (SNNPR). The research sample in this research also determined 56 according to (Kothari 2004) workers. The researcher retrieves 52 valid research questionnaires. A purposive sampling strategy was used to choose the participants in this research.

Micro finance involves the provision of micro-credit, savings, and other services to the poor that are excluded by the commercial banks for collateral and other reasons. Microfinance is relatively new to Ethiopia and came to existence during 1994-95. Out of which Wolaita zone Micro Finance Institution (WZMFI) is one among 31 Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) to serve needy people in Ethiopia. Based on this researchers’ intended to study major socio- economic factors and loan related factors that determines loan repayment performance of borrowers in WZMFI. In fact, the identifying and analyzing such determining factors of loan repayment rate is vital in the achievement of profitability and sustainability of MFIs. In this connection, researchers’ collected data from primary and secondary resources and analyzed by using two limit Tobit model is used. Through the study 15 determinants’ are selected for evaluation, out of which 6 variables are significant and remaining insignificant are found.

The challenge of sustainable development has provided nations a chance to correct the anomalies of development and provide a futuristic environment to attain positive goals. Nigeria outsourcing for sustainable development became relevant and important in the light of the fact that she had signed the development protocols at the level of the United Nations and other international organizations. Such include the Rio millennium development goals. The Nigerian Diaspora provides an avenue to assist development. Development theorists explain development as consequent upon the actions of government and civil society i.e. a partnership between government and civil society (an arm of which is the Diasporai.e. International civil society).Importantly, the African foundation for development also noted that the quantum of remittance to the third world countries makes the Diaspora an important agent of change and development. It is no wonder that the current trend is to tap into the resource base of the Diaspora – This laudable project can only succeed where challenges that provide hindrances to the project are removed. This paper examines the performance of the Diaspora Nigerians in development interventions. It identifies the challenges facing the Diaspora Nigerians in their effort to respond to government outsourcing to encourage them to develop the

In the setting of this paper, we compare the usefulness perception of 42 items of voluntary information on intellectual capital of 22 Tunisian financial analysts and portfolios managers with the degree of their disclosure in the annual reports of 50 firms listed on the Stock Exchange Securities of Tunisia. The analysis is led on the primary data extracted from a survey and from secondary data extracted from annual reports. Given the purpose of our study, we developed a weighted disclosure index comparing the supply of information on intellectual capital in annual reports and user’s demand. Results highlight the existence of an important gap between the supply and the demand of voluntary information on intellectual capital. More specifically, the offer of the majority of information diverges completely with their demand by the Tunisian financial market.

Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the, effect, system and role of supply chain integration on basic manufacturing industries and Identify the main constraints /gap SCI on developing nation metal to develop further investigations. The purpose of this paper is to know what extent supply chain integration affect firm performance and identify gap for pervious work. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives a Systematic literature reviews is carried out to the previous research work in the SCI research area, evaluate their role and contributions, identify the main concept and summaries knowledge, thereby identifying their gap, implications and potential directions of further research.

Congestion control in wireless networks is strongly dependent on the dynamics and instability of wireless links. It is known that TCP experiences serious performance degradation problems in wireless networks. New approaches based on TCP try to overcome these problems but, although their performance is increased, they incur in congestion control errors, since they do not evaluate accurately the capacity and available link bandwidth in wireless networks. This is also the case of TCP-AP (Adaptive Pacing) that, although presenting clear advantages in wireless networks when compared to other TCP-based approaches, its performance is still lower than rate-based approaches. In this paper we propose a new congestion control protocol based in TCP-AP, the Wireless Enhanced TCP-AP (WE TCPAP).This protocol relies on the MAC layer information gathere by a new method to accurately estimate the available bandwidth and the path capacity over a wireless network path. The new congestion control mechanism is evaluated in different scenarios in wireless mesh and ad-hoc networks, and compared against several approaches for wireless congestion control. It is shown that the new WE TCP-AP outperforms the base TCP-AP, with a more stable behavior and better channel utilization, and its performance gets close to the one of ratebased protocols. This is a very important result, as we show that TCP-based approaches are still able to have good performance in wireless mesh and ad-hoc networks.