This study seeks to examine whether the monetary management in Pakistan is conducted under the framework advocated by the Taylor rule. We investigate this question after modifying the Taylor rule to control for the influence of institutional quality on monetary policy. Even after controlling for institutional quality, we find no evidence that the central bank makes use of the Taylor framework in devising monetary policy. Our results also suggest that by and large the focus of the monetary policy has been on containing inflation.

Nature is a great and immense source of inspiration for solving hard and complex problems in computer science since it exhibits extremely diverse, dynamic, robust, complex and fascinating phenomenon. Nature inspired algorithms are metaheuristics that mimics the nature for solving optimisation problems opening a new era in computation. A new agent-based routing algorithm using optimisation techniques is implemented in this paper. The different optimisation techniques are warty frog fish, artificial ant, ant, ant lion, grey wolf, genetic algorithm (GA) are the combinations used in the packet delivery between the networks. The routing is a process of carrying the data from source to destination in the network. The output of these algorithms is determined by the simulation time. The experiments are implemented with the NS2 software platform, which is based on the basics of C, C++ and TCL scripting language. The results of the algorithm showed that the grey wolf optimiser (GWO) is much better than the other algorithms in the packet delivery between the networks.

A very high gain two stage CMOS operational amplifier has been presented. The proposed circuit is implemented in 180nm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of ±0.65V. The current source in the OPAMP is replaced by a square root based current generator which helps to reduce the impact of process variations on the circuit and low power consumption due to the operation of MOS in subthreshold region. So with the help of square root based current generator the better controllability over gain can be obtained. The proposed opamp shows a high gain of 121.9dB and low power consumption of 11.89uW is achieved.

Every year in Bangladesh substantial life of women and children are lost through various diseases. The study area of Gangachara is one of the monga-prone areas in Bangladesh. The river, Tista has a big influence on the livelihoods of the people of Gangachara. Healthcare situation in the chars is poor. But health is a basic requirement to improve the quality of life. Floods and erosion disrupted the lives of char dwellers. The victims of erosion lose their settlements, agricultural lands and employment and are forced to move elsewhere sometimes on a yearly basis. Bangladesh is still lagging behind in the field of environmental health. The Level of morbidity remains very high in Bangladesh. Much of the sickness, ill health and resultant deaths in this country are due the overall degradation of the environment. More than 80% population in Bangladesh live in rural areas and environmental problems are more acute in the rural areas of the country.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the aspects of change and organizational performance as well as to study the impact of these aspects of change on performance. Methodology: This study sought to explore the influence on organizational performances. The constructs considered in the study includes quality of change communication, participation, attitude of top management toward change, leadership and readiness for change on performance in the organization. A research instrument was designed based on extensive literature review of the change, and organizational performance and datawere collected from organizationsthat were segregated on the basis of the public and private sector and also manufacturing and service industry.The research instrument was pilot tested, and necessarymodification was made.The reliability and validity of the instrument weredetermined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

In my previous article entitled, “Hierarchical and Non- Hierarchical Linear and Non-Linear Clustering Methods to “Shakespeare Authorship Question” I used Mean Proximity, as a linear hierarchical clustering method and Principal Components Analysis, as a non-hierarchical linear clustering method, Self-Organizing Map U-matrix and Voronoi Map, as non-linear clustering methods to examine various works and plays assumed to have been written by Shakespeare and Sir Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, John Fletcher, and Thomas Kyd to determine which of them wrote some of Shakespeare’s disputed plays based on similarities in the use of function words, word-bi grams, and character-tri grams. The article showed that Shakespeare is not the author of all the disputed plays traditionally attributed to him according to the validated cluster analytic results and the stylistic criteria used. The article also indicated that the author did not consider it fair to include Edward de Vere(the strongest candidate in the Shakespeare authorship debate) and compare his poemsto Shakespeare’s disputed plays because poetry tends to have a particular style and a different structure than plays, and additional test was promised. The present article provides that test. In this article, I examined the 154 sonnets traditionally attributed to Shakespeare and 38 surviving poems attributed to Edward de Vere. The purpose is to give a hypothesis whether de Vere has an identifiable self-similarity and a measure of how far from/similar to Shakespeare based on the use of function words, word bi-grams, character bi-grams, and character tri-grams applying four different clustering methods: four hierarchical linear methods using Euclidean distance (Single, Average, Complete, and Ward), non-hierarchical linear multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and Kernel K-means clustering and Voronoi mapas non-linear methods. The cophenetic correlation coefficient is used to select the best result obtained from a set of

The cancellation of the N100 charge per unit withdrawal from ATM on December 17, 2012 in Nigeria has the capacity to reduce cash demand, in line with the prediction of the Tobin- Baumol model of cash inventory/money demand. This possible effect of the cancellation policy on effectiveness of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) Cash Policy in terms of cash demand reduction is yet to be thoroughly examined and documented in the literature. This study fills the gap by examining the effects of the policy that cancelled the ATM withdrawal charges on cash demand and effectiveness of the Cash Policy, using data collected from 200 bank customers in Osogbo, Osun state. The results show that the cancellation policy reduced idle cash balances as people felt free to withdraw as many times as desired since there was no penalty on frequent withdrawals. The study thus concluded that the cancellation of ATM charges and the engendered reduction in cash demand may enhance the Cash Policy, while the policy that re-imposed penal charges may undermine it.

Two oleogum resin essential oils (from two different seasons: fall and summer), of Boswellia spp. (collected from Somalia), were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Out of 147 peaks, components were identified among the two essential oils accounting for 100%, and 99.7% of the oils, respectively. The two essential oils were dominated by the 1-methoxy alkane [octyl methyl ether (5.5- 11.7%), and decyl methyl ether (30.6-54.9%)], α-pinene (0.3-11.5%), sabinene (2.1-7.2%), and α- bourbonene(1.7-5.7%). This is the first report of a methoxy alkane chemotyped frankincense essential oils as well as the first reporting of the natural occurance of decyl methyl ether (methyoxy decane) and octyl methyl ether (methyoxy octane). Monoterpenes chiral distributions were also measured and it was found that both of the oils have same enantiomeric ratio. Large chemical variation was attributed to seasonal variation. The essential oil harvested on fall season had also exhibited notable antimicrobial activities [Aspergillus niger (MIC = 39 μg/mL), Candida albicans (MIC = 78 μg/mL), Bacillus cerreus (MIC = 78 μg/mL), Staphylococus aureus (MIC = 78 μg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC = 78 μg/mL)], the essential oil also showed pronounced cytotoxic activities (100% kill on MCF-7 cells at 100 μg/mL).

Poverty is a considering problem which has been happening among the ethnic groups of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, especially the poor Khmer. Therefore, the research on "Poverty assessment and analysis of factors affecting income of the poor Khmer households in Loan My village, Tam Binh district, Vinh Long province" was necessarily conducted. The research were collected by direct interview from 137 poor Khmer households and the key informants. Both quantitative and qualitative mothodologies were in the reseach as descriptive statistics and the multivariate regression. The results showed that the poor Khmer households who have no land, no capital for investment in production, or lack of land, capital, or low level of education or illiteracy, few main labors, many children, illness, debt, temporary house, little or no assets and means of production. Factors effecting the poor Khmer households included total income of household per month, number of main labors, non agricultural employees, employees outside village/local area, total land and participants of local organizations. Main income of poor Khmer households was from hired labor force with being out of regular full-time employment and the income of household was not enough for the household’s expenditure, in addition to the poor Khmer households used loan improperly. The support programs of state for the poor Khmer households were less effectively.

Stress has created a vigorous discourse among researchers of various fields and considered as one of the most vital issue that has not yet been solved. A growing interest has been developed on the influence of emotional intelligence in reducing stress level among students. This study examined emotional intelligence as four interrelated processes which were postulated from the four-branch emotional intelligence theory of Salovey and Mayer. A selfreported measure of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) and the Perceived Stress Scale was used respectively to measure emotional intelligence and stress level of the participants involved. PLS-SEM was employed to assess the measurement construct and structural model of this study. The findings indicated a significant negative relationship between the ability to perceive emotion, the ability to manage one’s own emotion, and the ability to manage others emotion with stress. However, no significant association were identified between the ability to utilize emotion and stress among the participants involved. Results also confirmed that the ability to perceive and assess emotion accurately as the most prominent emotional intelligence dimension in predicting stress. The applied utilities of emotional intelligence are discussed and the potential value of integrating emotional intelligence in formal tertiary education systems is also highlighted.