This study assesses the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and evaluates the impact of urban/suburban areas in Lahore District on its land surface temperature using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The satellite brightness temperature information derived from the medium resolution satellite LANDSAT 5 (Thematic Mapper) is analyzed and compared with the land use/land cover types acquired by classifying the image. The results reveal that urban heat island in Lahore District is significant, with average Land surface temperature values ranging from 23ºC to 44ºC, and maximum urban/non-urban temperature difference reaching 5ºC. The high built-up area exhibits the maximum surface temperature ranges from 31 to 44ºC compared to other land use types. The relationship between thermal behavior and NDVI is also analyzed and negative correlation is identified by the results from the extracted surface temperature and NDVI from Landsat. This suggests that vegetation is the primary determinant controlling the spatial distribution of land surface heat. An effort to compare the population density and air pollution parameters with surface temperature is also made and the air pollution concentration is considered in relation with urban areas of high temperature and high population density.

This study is focused on investigating the collision of leverage and liquidity on banks’ profitability of the conventional banking sector of Pakistan. The major indicators of the financial performance of corporate entities are liquidity, leverage and profitability. Two independent variables i.e. leverage and liquidity were taken into consideration to find out the impact on dependent variable, i.e. bank’s profitability. The sample chosen for this certain study is the three famous Pakistani conventional banks. The 10 years data was collected from the “Annual Reports and Accounts” of the 3 banks, i.e. Faysal Bank, Alfalah and MCB. Regression, correlation and tstatistics are used for the examination of hypothesis. The research results states that liquidity is insignificantly positively related with profitability and leverage is significantly negatively correlated with profitability. Focusing on liquidity and profitability will help banks to enhance their growth.

This study determined the embedded elements of the LaTorta Dance Festivals. It sought to answer these objectives: (1) trace the festival’s origin and epitomized ethos, (2) describes the festival’s dance steps, props, costumes, music, and courtship, and (3) extrapolate themes and values from the key informant’s testimonies of faith. The study employed an ethnographic design in a holistic cultural system. There were 15 informants in the study: 5 key informants (KIs) who were elderly aged 65 and above and a resident of Argao, and 5 casual informants (CIs) who are choreographers, dancers, artists, and local government officials, who represented as the emic group, and 5 general informants (GIs) who were foreigners and other local tourists and witnessed the festival, to represent the etic group. Argao’s La Torta Dance Festivals is a culture mix of colonial and indigenous elements as depicted in the dance steps, props and costumes, music and courtship. Its origin epitomized townspeople’s ethos in the light of cultural dualism. The torta remains an expression of gratitude and a shower of blessing, which united the townspeople through a colorful festival as a symbol of faith to the patron saint as a protector of life. It is recommended that aspiring composers, arrangers and choreographers may continue the festival and encourage going beyond their imagination to improve its future choreography, without altering the essence of its unique origin.

Portfolio is a list of securities that the investor has. The main objective of portfolio management is to maximize return while minimizing unsystematic risk. Firstly, fundamental definitions are given about theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy logic approach is stated in this study. In the model of fuzzy logic price/earnings ratio and accumulation/distribution index which are added by the model that Werner improved. Taking all into consideration a new model is developed at the last part of this research.

A lot of methods are improved for the portfolio optimization within classical approach. Quadratic programming, one of these methods, has many disadvantages, so alternative methods are studied to improve. MAD Method, an improved new method, is converted portfolio optimization problem into a linear programming problem. MAD Method is demonstrated and a case study is done by using stock certificate which belongs to BIST Mining Sector.

Here we review the literature from 1902 to 2015 and the current status of knowledge of the chromosomes and cytogenetics within the family species of trematodes. Karyological data are discussed and tabulated for 278 species of trematodes. Numerous species of trematodes points towards the continued efforts in this field of research. The present study also revealed new data on chromosome complements of diplozoid parasites, namely Diplozoon Kashmirensis Kaw, 1950 from Schizothorax esocinus; Diplozoon aegyptensis Fischthal et Kuntz, 1963 from Schizothorax plagiostomum; Diplozoon guptai Fayaz and Chishti, 1999 from Schizothorax curvifrons and one digenean i.e., Clinostomum schizothoraxi Kaw, 1950 from S. curvifrons which included one metacentric (no. 1); two submetacentric (no.s 2 and 3); three subtelocentric (no.s 4; 5 and 6) and four acrocentric (no.s 7, 8; 9 and 10) chromosome pairs. All the three species of Diplozoon species are characterized by the same number of chromosomes i.e., 2n=14 in which D. kashmirensis is characterized by seven pairs of long (up to 14.13 μm) chromosomes and all chromosome pairs are acrocentric.

Triazines and chalcones are interesting class of heterocyclic compounds with a prominent structural core system present in numerous pharmacologically active compounds. It is proved from the literature that the compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine moiety or chalcone bridge often shows significant biological activity profiles. Based on these observations, it was considered worthwhile to synthesize and characterize some new 1,3,5-triazine-chalcone hybrid molecules in the present investigation. As a part of our research program aimed at search for new hybrid pharmacophores as potential cytotoxic agents, we are interested to have α,β-unsaturated ketone linker to the 1,3,5-triazine basic nucleus to give a series of 1,3,5-triazine-chalcone hybrid molecules. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to synthesize and characterize various analogs of fully unsaturated 2-substituted-4,6 dichloro-1,3,5 triazine based chalcone hybrids.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis of AIDS. However, our understanding of the CT scan images on the diagnosis or evaluating treatment results has not yet been completed. In this study, we conducted an investigation on the usefulness of cranial CT examination in diagnosing HIV patients. Among them, 34 AIDS patients tested positive for brain lesions indicated by cranial CT scan examination. Patients who had AIDS with brain lesions were primarily diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), HIV encephalitis (HIVE), cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) and cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Furthermore, we thoroughly compared the characteristics of various brain lesions in CT images so that it could be helpful for future diagnoses and treatment evaluations of AIDS with brain lesions. Additionally, we demonstrated that a count of less than 50 CD4+ T lymphocytes primarily occurred in the TBM and HIVE groups, thus resulting in higher mortality.

In this paper a planar CPW antenna loaded with rectangular slot is presented. The proposed antenna offers three frequency bands and hence suitable for triple bands wireless applications. The proposed geometry has hexagonal shaped radiator loaded with a rectangular slot to excite three resonant frequencies in the UWB frequency range. The three resonances of triple bands obtained are at 5.9GHz, 9.9GHz, and 14.4GHz. The antenna was designed and developed on easily available low cost FR-4 glass epoxy substrate. The proposed antenna’s prototype was developed for its validation and found reasonable agreement between the simulated and measured results.

This study investigated the value of brand personality among undergraduate users of smartphones. The descriptive survey method was adopted using structured questionnaire to collect data from 200 undergraduates of Babcock University, Nigeria. Aaker (1997) brand personality model was modified and used as basis to find out the brand personality ascribed to smartphone brands. Of the three most used smartphone brands among the undergraduates, Samsung is perceived to have an exciting, rugged and sophisticated brand personality, Apple have an exciting, competent and sophisticated personality while Blackberry a personality of ruggedness and competence. The principle of self-congruity theory was upheld as the undergraduates’ self-personality closely matched the brand-personality of their smartphones brands. A moderate level of brand community building was established among the undergraduates.