Works of literature are studied worldwide, mostly for pleasure. But for the last couple of decades, literary texts are playing an important role in language teaching and considered as a great source of authentic materials. This paper shows some important aspects of using literary texts in language teaching, throwing some lights on the advantages as well as the difficulties of choosing an appropriate literary text for language classroom. This paper also suggests some effective classroom activities, using literary texts, where focus is given on all the four language skills to motivate learners and enhance their language competence.

Ascorbic acid content in Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limonum were estimated. Citrus reticulata contained 30.60mg/100g, Citrus sinensis had 55.9 mg/100g, Citrus limonum ascorbic content was 57.5mg/100g.These values were higher than the literature values. The high ascorbic contents in the three samples showed that they are highly rich in vitamin C and they may be good for the prevention and treatment of scurvy.

Penicillium notatum has been found years ago to be one of the leading novel candidates of fungi for the discovery of novel antibiotics. The fungus was isolated from eighty years old virgin forest Ikota, Ondo state. The fraction was obtained through column chromatography using mixture of solvents, after culturing and purification process of the extract. The fraction was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer, the Gc-Ms results revealed Benzene, 1,2,4,5-trimethyl- having retention time 5.117,% of total 6.505%, pcymene having retention time 5.170 minutes, % of total 16.439%, Trans-Decalin, 2 methyl with retention time 5.235 minutes and % of total 9.468 %, also n-Nonadecanol-1 having retention time 5.301 minutes and 13.302 %, Naphthalene with retention time 6.161 minutes, % of total 11.369 %, 5, 8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, having retention time of 6.381 minutes and % of total 2.544 %. Literature reports had indicated the physiological activities of these compounds and of interest p-cymene and Naphthalene derivative to possess strong pharmaceutical uses.Penicillium notatum has been found years ago to be one of the leading novel candidates of fungi for the discovery of novel antibiotics. The fungus was isolated from eighty years old virgin forest Ikota, Ondo state. The fraction was obtained through column chromatography using mixture of solvents, after culturing and purification process of the extract. The fraction was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer, the Gc-Ms results revealed Benzene, 1,2,4,5-trimethyl- having retention time 5.117,% of total 6.505%, pcymene having retention time 5.170 minutes, % of total 16.439%, Trans-Decalin, 2 methyl with retention time 5.235 minutes and % of total 9.468 %, also n-Nonadecanol-1 having retention time 5.301 minutes and 13.302 %, Naphthalene with retention time 6.161 minutes, % of total 11.369 %, 5, 8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, having retention time of

In this paper, the researcher comprehensively examines the cultivation theory. Conceptualized by George Gerbner in the 1960s and 1970s, the theory has been questioned with every media technological development. In the last six decades, the mass communication field witnessed the propagation of cable, satellite, video games and most recently social media. So far, the theory seems to have survived by continuous adjustment and refinement. Since 2000, over 125 studies have endorsed the theory, which points out to its ability to adapt to a constantly changing media environment. This research discusses the theory since its inception, its growth and expansion, and the future prospects for it. In the first section of the paper, an overview is given on the premises/founding concepts of the theory. Next is a presentation of the added components to the theory and their development over the last sex decades including: The cultivation analysis, the conceptual dimensions, types and measurement of cultivation, and the occurrence of cultivation across the borders.

The effect of globalization and the global spread of English have created a significant demand for English all over the world. In China, English is promoted for its value in socioeconomic development of the nation to cope with globalization. The demand of English is illustrated in the introduction of ‘English as a basic requirement for 21stcentury citizens’ and early English instruction. This paper adopts a Critical Discourse Analysis approach to look into a policy document written by the Ministry of Education (MoE) in China. It is concluded that MoE’s endorsement of the discourses of globalisation and national development followed by their adoption of enhanced English policies fails to pay sufficient attention to resources and policy implementation issues. The result is that the implementation efforts are haphazard and do not lead to the expected increase in proficiency level.

Considering third- and fourth-order phonon anharmonic interactions terms in the four particle cluster model Hamiltonian proposed by Blinc et al [1982 J Phys, C15 4661] for the stochastic motion of − 4 H2PO groups for KDP (KH2PO4) type ferroelectrics, expressions for soft mode frequency and loss tangent are evaluated. For the calculations, method of double time temperature dependent Green’s function has been used. By fitting model values of physical quantities, the dielectric loss in paraelectric phase of KDP (KH2PO4) crystal at 9.2 GHz for field along the a-axis (tanδ a ) , and c-axis (tanδ c ) have been calculated which compare well with experimental results of Kaminow et al [1963Phy Rev,129 1562]. A good agreement has been found. In the microwave frequency rage, an increase in frequency is followed by an increase in transverse and longitudinal dielectric loss tangent. The loss decreases with increase in temperature for KDP (KH2PO4) crystal, in their paraelectric phase. This shows Curie-Weiss type behavior of the dielectric loss tangent.

The aim of this study was to examine accessibility and utilization of library resources by teachers in secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was two thousand, two hundred and twenty (2,220) and a sample of five hundred (500) respondents was selected for the study. The selection was done through the stratified and purposive random sampling techniques. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in Educational test and measurement who vetted the items developed. The reliability of the instrument was established through the test re-test reliability method. One Way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was the statistical techniques employed to test the hypotheses under study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify prevalence rates, sites and types of infection, the most common bacteria, and their antimicrobial resistance patterns, especially betalactamase producers present in Intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Clinical samples obtained over a period of 12months from January 2014 to December 2014 from six ICUs of a tertiary care hospital were analyzed. Identification of micro organisms to species level and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines. For control, 500 samples each from the environment & staff of ICU were collected & processed in the same way.

There is a debate on whether there should be a global definition of poverty that applies to all countries. Many people ask questions why we not have a more universal approach to address poverty. Is it too pragmatic to think that a universal approach is needed to address global poverty? the author thinks external agencies universal definition of poverty and poverty prescriptions for social and economic development are not effective to local living socio-economic development and to develop ecological economics rather contextually designed good governance programs suite for local development and to address the issue of poverty. For example, Grameen Bank micro-finance, Grameen America USA, Desjadin Credit Union Canada, Mondragon Spain, Natural Agriculture Thailand, Participatory Budget Brazil, BRAC non-formal education and BIKASH Bangladesh, and SWEA of Indian women cooperatives are well known local initiatives to address the issue of local poverty and unemployment. Therefore, the article emphasis that while poverty is a global problem resulting from global issues, its solution can only be found locally and therefore the nature of poverty must be defined locally.

Beninseed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method and transesterified to biodiesel using sodium methylate. The oil and its biodiesel were characterized according to American Society for Test and Materials (ASTM) protocols; the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography analysis method, the glycerine content was measured to estimate the completeness of the reaction while the mineral contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained shows that the properties are within the ASTM limits and similar to those of diesel fuel which led to the conclusion that is can be used as alternative fuel for diesel engines. Of particular interest is the cetane index of 50, which is higher than that of diesel which will allow it to be used neat in diesel engine except that the viscosity of 32 mm2/s is too high for direct use in diesel engine. The oil is 83.948% unsaturated and consists mainly of 35.075% oleic acid and 45.78% linoleic acids.