The term ‘’learning environments’’ signifies every learning environment inside and outside the statutory classroom, in which the training of new abilities and forms is sought, just as we have already mentioned. New educational environments, in which we have the use of computers, constitute educational software which undertakes the teaching of the cognitive subject in the curriculum. An increasing number of new applications are being developed in order to enforce the teacher’s role. The computers, as well as their accompanied software, can be used in the teaching process in multiple ways as creative tools (text editor), as references (encyclopaedia, CD-ROM), as communicative tools (video conference) or as tools for the teacher (Hubbard, 1996).

The present work and the themes expressed here are the result of experience plus studies done in different research projects and extra-curricular university activities, in which have been addressed the tourism development and its socio-cultural and economic impact on mapuche communities of the Patagonian region in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. With the support of qualitative methods, such as the ethnographic records, the axes that have guided the field work over the last decade and a half were: characterize and explain the historical and social processes that shaped mapuche communities, their vindictive and concrete actions, plus representations and stigmatization of the rest of society in tourism contexts.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computing system to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and represent all types of geographical data. GIS systems are used in cartography, so that the simplest explanation of GIS was merging of cartography and database. There is almost no human activity related to a geographical territory, and the whole planet, which could not be improved by using an optimized GIS system. GIS allows efficient prediction and managing of resources to protect the environment. GIS technology provides public safety and the ability to manage and analyze large amounts of information. In the Republic of Srpska, as well as the whole country there are still a large number of mines from the Civil War (1992-1995). This paper describes the application of GIS and mapping the mine suspected areas, and the ability to facilitate consideration of the surface displacement due to severe flooding which occurred in the Republic of Serbian and region on May 2014, taking into account that the largest concentration of mines from the war was just through the length of the flooded river, which is the risk and responsibility to the Republic of Serbian and the states that border.

In recent time, we have witnessed that the World Economy is passing through some intricate circumstances as bankruptcy of banking & financial institutions, debt crisis in major economies of the world and euro zone crisis. This poses some serious questions about the survival, growth and maintaining the sustainable development. The tempo of development for the Indian banking industry has been remarkable over the past decade. Indian banking industry has been striving hard to gain Business Excellence through Technology Based Banking Services (TBBS) from the use of computerisation in early 90’s to Ru-pay card in 2013. Even, India has witnessed the rapid growth of ATMs and use of other tools of E- banking (RBI, 2013).

The core purpose of this article is to investigate how different a Norwegian subscriber’s point of view about the terminology of understandability, technicality, importance and awareness of privacy policy. Indeed this research article has its demographic limits and was targeted for Norwegian clients but it may suggest a first step to reshape policy for better realization. The emerging ambiguity in information security has raised much privacy and trust issues that are context dependent. Therefore there are several uncertainties and risks seen today concerning the privacy policy & subscriber trust. It is a responsibility of services providers before amending their policy to notify their subscribers. Since if they do not take this initiative then it creates trust deficit for their subscribers and this affects their business and goodwill. For this article we have adopted a survey questionnaire methodology based on clients’ own perspectives. Generally observed that, before accepting privacy policy, it`s hard to read these policies and understood by common user, and taking this prospect ahead, many policies & regulations have a difficult context to recognize.

Language has been a vast field of study in which many brains have been functioning so as to demystify the different predicaments it poses to its speakers and hearers. Since language is taken to be the haven of identities and global integration, it has always been a priority for a country to maintain a unifying language via which all its people would be identified and develop a sense of nationhood. A case in point is Africa, which is still facing a host of challenges appertaining to either the national or regional integration of its multilingual people. Because Africa is teeming with hundreds of languages, the languages of the ex-colonizers (English, French or Portuguese... etc) have played major roles in bringing, to some extent, the Africans together. Still, many Africans have been concerned with the fact that the ex-colonial languages constitute nothing but unifying linguistic options made at the disposal of only the African elites rather than the masses. In this sense, African leaders sensed the necessity of holding a unified African world which would endure the outside economic and political challenges, especially after the era of colonialism. In this respect, this paper is an attempt to prescribe some antidotes for such African linguistic alchemy.

For many years now, questions of culture, race, sex and identity, among many others, have been coped with at length in Moroccan literary writings in different languages and for different purposes. These purposes, in fact, have been articulated in a variety of literary outlets with the aim of correcting cultural stereotypes, bridging cultural gaps to avoid cultural shocks or enlarging the extremes of intercultural dialogues among nations of the world. However, one such thorny question ought to be raised in this context is the extent to which any foreign language can be a resort to any Moroccan, in particular, and African writer, in general, to express the repressed cultural forms within their cultures. In this account, my contribution places under scrutiny the Moroccan text written in foreign languages, especially in English, as having the ability to translate the miscellaneous forms of the Moroccan cultural diversity to the outside world; a possibility which is now at hands more than ever before. To help capture this phenomenon in its contemporaneity, a combination of both Mikhail Bakhtin and Chantal Mouffe’s philosophies is undertaken with the aim of laying bare the manifestation of a textual enterprise authored or co- authored by different voices in an in-between dialogical as well as virtual space. By this combination, the concepts employed provide the conceptual/critical framework and terminology that can be used in the present analysis with the aim of generating new rhetorical concepts or strategies.

Urinary schistosomiasis, which is one of the commonest forms of the parasitic disease is a major debilitating disease characterized by blood in urine. The study aimed at the exploration and description of the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community members with regards to schistosomiasis in Dikwa Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 302 school pupils and “Almajiris” 7 - 15 years was undertaken using a uniform set of structured interview schedule administered by trained field assistants. This was supported with some qualitative data collected from in-depth interview with community leaders and “Mallams”. One-third of the people interviewed were aware of the schistosomiasis. For a majority however, the perceived causes of the disease included witchcraft and sexual or body contact with infected persons.

In MANET environment, the nodes are mobile i.e., nodes move in and out dynamically. This causes difficulty in maintaining a central trusted authority say Certification Authority CA or Key Generation Centre KCG. In addition most of cryptographic techniques need a key to be shared between the two communicating entities. So to introduce security in MANET environment, there is a basic need of sharing a key between the two communicating entities without the use of central trusted authority. So we present a decentralized two-party key agreement protocol using pairings and threshold cryptography ideas. Our model is based on Joux’s three-party key agreement protocol which does not authenticate the users and hence is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attack. This model protects from man-in-the-middle attack using threshold cryptography.

The picture of underworld in The Spanish Tragedy (Act-1, scene-i) by Thomas Kyd may be encountered with Islamic view. In this text, this picture is extracted from Greek Mythology where the writer shows how after death a person has to toil to attain the Ferry to enter into the realm of Hades or underworld, then how a person faces a trial to get settled in eternal world, the terrible furies on way to the King’s palace, the unbearable punishment of some miscreants etc. Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith also provide the picture of a dying person and his reaction, the interior period to pass, the Final Day of Judgment, the process of trial and finally a person’s last destination. This article is an attempt to compare and contrast between the pictures of the underworld stated in Al-Qur’an and Al Hadith and in the Text “The Spanish Tragedy –Act I – Scene I”.