Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension is the important yet daunting task for successful prosthodontic therapy for function, esthetics and comfort to the edentulous patients. In the current study the relationship of various distances between facial landmarks to the OVD was tested in two ethnic groups of Nepal, viz. Aryans and Mongoloids. The result of this study can be useful in determining proper OVD in the patients who have lost the OVD. The aim of the study was to find the correlation between facial landmarks and OVD. Materials and methods: The OVD was measured using a Boley gauge from the prominent part of chin and nose. Other facial landmarks were also measured using the calipers in 200 adult volunteers. Results: The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was determined. OVD was significantly (p≤0.05) correlated with rima oris to pupil distance (r = 0.557 in whole population, r = 0.577 in Aryans and 0.466 in Mongoloids). Conclusions: The distance between rima oris to pupil distance has higher correlation to OVD than other facial measurements.

An aquatic biodiversity analysis was conducted in four rice terraces clusters in the Cordillera region in the northern central part of the Philippines. Data was obtained using the quadrat sampling method. The location of sampling activities are the four rice terraces clusters namely: (1) Asipulo, Ifugao; (2) Natonin, Mt Province; (3) Bagumbayan, Kalinga; and (4) Tanglagan, Apayao. Each place of sampling had two (2) blocks: (1) Rice paddy fields and (2) Irrigation canals/creeks. The number of quadrats randomly taken in each block was ten (10) plots with each quadrat measuring 1m x 1m. The number of plots in all places was 4 sites x 2 blocks x 10 plots = 80 plots. Individuals of shell, crab, fish and frog species circumscribed within plot/quadrat boundaries were counted, identified and sorted according to species. The importance value (IV) of each species in each block was determined. This was done by taking the sum of Relative Density (%) and Relative Frequency (%) of each species in a given block. Importance Value = Relative Density + Relative Frequency. The Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H), Evenness Index (E) and Simpson’s Index (C) was obtained for each species. The higher values of H, E and C means the greater diversity character of the community being evaluated.

This study explores the relation between cognition and videogame Player Character. It uses the procedural rhetoric as its main approach, understanding the activity of playing through its inner processes. The relation playercharacter- game often appears described in terms of representation and identification. We however suggest that some concepts by Bruno Latour – such as articulation and translation – describe this relationship more accurately. They allow for a decentralization of a supposed origin of action, be it from the subject, be it from the machine. A less dichotomic way to describe such relation is presented at last, allowing us to think the playing experience as capable of reconfiguring both game and player.

In this research prepared some new families of macrocycles by reaction of ortho-methoxy salicylaldehyde sequently with ketone by claisen-Schmidt condensation. Claisen-Schmidt condensation proceed under base or acid catalysis, at moderate temperature, in high atom economy and with water as the sole by product. Macrocycle were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopie.

Human world are surrounded with the products manufactured by different industries. Each industry is unique in its own way and the requirements of the industry are different form one other. This difference in requirements leads to a new challenge that creates the need of specialization of technical solutions for every industry. Every industry concerns themselves with other in the fields of design, commissioning, manufacturing, quality control, training, monitoring and control, and service and maintenance. Augmented reality gives the industry a platform to develop virtual models according to their areas of interests and help them to visualize the designs with the stable view of the real world.

Today the present world mostly depends on exchange of information i.e. transfer of data from one person to another person which is also known as distributary system. The data is sent from the distributor to the user are confidential so the data is distributed only between the distributor and the trusted third parties. The data sent by the distributor must be secured, confidential and must not be reproduced as the data shared with the trusted third parties are confidential and highly important. In some occasions the data distributed by the distributor are copied by different agents who cause a huge damage to the institute and this process of losing the data is known as data leakage. The data leakage must be detected in the early stage in order to protect the data form being open source. This project deals with protecting the data from being out sourcing by giving a special inscription to the sensitive data so that it cannot be reproduced.

The measurement of levels of consumerism is important to understand the characteristics of the global and domestic economy, which play a role in shaping the characteristics of the national economy. This is in agreement with the post-Fordist economic thought, which underlines consumption as an important aspect of the framework of capitalism. Consumption can influence the daily social life of community, including but not limited to lifestyle. Lifestyle in a society appears not without the role of post- Fordist capitalism, as its mode of existence depends on the activity of consuming its products (Amin, 1994). In order to understand the role of consumerism in colouring the characteristics and foundations of the national economy, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the domestic economy at the household level. In the context of the heterogeneous Indonesian society, based on geography, social economic status and cultural backgrounds, there is a need of a comprehensive perspective to study the dynamics of the domestic economy, which indicates the economic characteristics of the society. The Indonesian society, comprising of urban and rural communities, show the importance of the dimensions of consumerism to observe specific economic characteristics that differentiate the two communities. This study focuses on the economic characteristics of the urban society, which illustrates the urban consumerist society characteristics as the realisation of the interaction of local and global economy.

Varicocele is an important cause of infertility which can be corrected by surgery. We aim to assess and compare efficacy of laparoscopic and open palomo`s technique for varicocele. A total of 70 patients were taken in our study to assess the efficacy of treatment. Open high ligation was done on 36 patients and laparoscopic high ligation was done on 34 patients. The hospital stay was more in patients of open group than of laparoscopic group. Also, patients of laparoscopic group returned to normal activities earlier than with open group. Recurrence rates were 0% and 5.6%, post-operative hydrocele occurrence was 2.9% and 8.3%, wound complication was 0% and 5.5%, scrotal edema was 2.9% and 8.3%, and orchitis was 0% and 2.8% in laparoscopic and open group respectively. Also, post-operative pain was more in open group. There was improvement in seminal analysis in patients of both groups. As compared to open high ligation, laparoscopic high ligation for varicocele has less postoperative morbidity, shorter convalescence and early return to normal activities.

This study, exchange rate management and the survival of the industrial subsector of Nigeria, identifies weak productive base as a major problem facing the industrial sector. In view of the above problem, the objective of the study is to examine how devaluation of the naira affects the survival of the industrial subsector in Nigeria (1990-2013) with the aim of proffering solutions of increased productivity in the economy. The study is anchored on balance of payment theory Secondary data used for this study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method was used to examine the relationship between manufacturing capacity utilization (dependent variable) and exchange rate, export, GDP and inflation (independent variables). The result shows that manufacturing capacity utilization has positive relationship with exchange rate and export. The study recommends that manufacturing firms should embark on production of quality goods and the Government should encourage the development of local industrial subsector.

Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. In 2009 the country ranked 7th from the 22 TB high burden countries by estimated number of case. It is also showed that the country has lower treatment success rate sated by World Health Organization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess determinant factors of tuberculosis treatment failure among patients directly Observed therapy in Northern Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among randomly selected health facilities found in northern Ethiopia from February to October 2013. Samples were 77 cases and 153 controls recruited during the course of TB treatment. Cases were TB patients those declared as treatment failure and control were as cured after completion of the treatment (after 5 months of treatments). Both cases and controls were selected from TB clinics. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression (Odds Ratio) with 95% CI was used to see the associations.