Advances in minimal access surgery has revolutionized the practice of surgery over the past two decades. In some areas, laparoscopy has become the standard of care as in cholecystectomy. Laparoscopy in trauma however has been trailing behind, supposedly because of the fear of missing injuries in unpredictable trauma setting. There are reports in the literature about the benefit of laparoscopy in trauma, but we do not have local data in South Africa. We therefore endeavour to assess the place of laparoscopy in trauma by performing this audit of our laparoscopy practice at Sebokeng Hospital, South Africa. Objective: Review of the practice of Laparoscopy at Sebokeng Hospital with special emphasis on trauma to identify the indications of laparoscopy in the management of selected injuries. Methods: Retrospective review of data from all laparoscopic procedures performed between November 2011 and October 2012 at Sebokeng Hospital. Parameters evaluated included demography, mechanism of injury, procedure and intra-operative findings. Result: A total of 390 laparoscopic procedures were performed. Majority were emergency 77.9% (304/390) topped by appendicectomy 54.9% (167/304) whilst trauma represented 13.8% (42/304) of all emergencies. Cholecystectomy was the most common elective procedure 74.4% (64/86). Of the trauma cases, 40 were available for analysis; the patients were predominantly male (36/40) and stable penetrating trauma was the most common indication (34/40) for surgery. Laparoscopy was successfully completed in 65% (26/40) of the patients. The remaining cases benefited from conversion 17.5% (7/40), laparoscopy assisted mini-laparotomy 15% (6/40) and laparoscopy guided referral to tertiary Hospital 2.5% (1/40). Conclusion: Laparoscopy is applicable in trauma in carefully selected cases obviating the need for unnecessary laparotomy with its related early and long term complications.

Globally, the term, ‘marketing’ is not a new phenomenon. It has become the focal point of any business. No commodities can move from a production point to a consumption point without putting the marketing machinery at work. The consumers aim at attaining optimum consumer surplus, be it durables or non-durables, while making such purchases to satisfy their wants. Conversely, the marketers do constantly strive for maximization of profit margin for their survival and growth in the long run. These twin paradoxical ends (producers and consumers) must reach a compromise at a point entailing a profitable and satisfactory exchange of goods. For this reason, the marketers do continually rely on research studies about the dynamic consumer behaviour to position their product planning and development strategies to meet the requirements efficiently. There are innumerous factors inducing their buying behavior of consumers even in brand preferences of durables. This complex consumer buying behaviour does, therefore, necessitate a critical investigation by the researchers in every nook and corner of the world. In India, many studies have been undertaken by various researchers on varied products in fits and starts. Focus of this paper is to analyze the consumer buying behaviour of the selected durable goods in Nagaland, to examine the factors inducing the buying behaviour of the consumers, and to suggest appropriate measures to the marketers for designing a right marketing mix to match the tastes and preferences of consumers in the State.

Time shift of the target reflected signal in radar system can be calculated directly from modified QPSK mapped OFDM signal. It makes possible to determine target distance from radar station. When time shift respecting to phase delay depends on OFDM subcarrier number, modified OFDM signal prevents that dependence and lets system to decide the phase delay directly from QPSK-OFDM signal rotation angle of constellation points. Additionally, proposed system requires low computing resources as the entire calculation process could be done during a single OFDM symbol.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Common therapies in the treatment of CAD are invasive, insufficient and pose additional risks in patients with advanced refractory CAD. Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is a safe and effective non-invasive intervention in the management of patients with refractory CAD. In this article, we briefly outline our work in animals and humans, and discuss the advantages and perspectives of CSWT in China.

Extraadrenal paraganglioma constitute only 10%. Among them paraganglioma outside usual distribution is less than 1%. Most of the cases are solitary and sporadic. Familial cases are also seen. They are associated with several syndromes. Extra-adrenal paragangliomas are rarely diagnosed preoperatively unless the lesion is functional. Paraganglioma of mesentery of small intestine are very rare. Till date 10 cases are reported and this is the eleventh case. This is the second case where the paraganglioma is in the anterior aspect of the mesentery of small intestine and 1st reported case involving the wall of jejunum. Our case is the youngest reported till date. We hereby report a case of 23 years male patient who presented to us with discomfort and mass per abdomen. Investigations revealed a mass in the mesentery of small bowel. Provisional diagnosis was GIST of jejunum. Laparotomy was performed mass was resected, histopathology and IHC revealed the diagnosis. The patient is followed up till date and there is no evidence of recurrence. Most of them are clinically benign, but prediction of behaviour is difficult. Surgical resection is the treatment for both benign and malignant paragangliomas. Adjunctive therapies like Radiotherapy can be considered palliative in malignant cases and unresectable cases. This condition should be considered as differentials of any solid tumours at this site to prevent disasters peroperatively in case of catecholamine producing tumours.

Shoot extracts of Pistacia lentiscus (P. lentiscus ) were investigated for its medicinal importance, by valorizing of some chemical characterization, mineral composition, and study of the antioxidant activity. The photochemical screening of the plants constituents were assessed by using qualitative tests were conducted for the presence of the following active components: alkaloid, Hydrolysable tannins, tannins, phlobatannins, phenol, flavonoids, glycoside, saponins, volatile oil, hydrolysable tannin, protein, cortisone and Anthracanens (anti-oxidation compound) . All were present. Mineral contents of shoot extract were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest levels of potassium (K) and Iron (Fe) were found in Shoot of P. lentiscus from Libya. These findings suggest that shoots of P. lentiscus are potential sources of Iron, potassium and antimicrobial compounds. Also it has a great medicinal value due to the presence of antioxidation compound and cortisone.

Malachite Green and Crystal violet are among millions of dyes which are being used in every aspect of day to day life of a human being. Approximately 12% of synthetic dyes are lost during manufacturing and processing operations and 20% of the resultant color enters the environment through effluents from industrial wastewater. They are toxic and having extremely harmful consequences; hence many governmental and environmental agencies have put in place very strict regulation and restriction on discharge of industrial waste water/effluent containing dyes into the natural water bodies. There are various technique available for removal of dyes from waste water but adsorption is the process of choice. Activated carbon is the best known adsorbent. But its use in treating the industrial waste water especially in developing countries is restricted due to very high cost. This high cost of activated carbon has forced the researchers to find out low cost and effective adsorbent which may be used as an efficient alternative of activated carbon. In this paper an attempt has been made to compile the work of various researchers on removal of crystal violet and malachite green dyes from aqueous solution by using biomaterials and agricultural waste during the last five years.

This paper tests the ‘valence hypothesis’ which claims a graduate’s pay tends to increase in steps, a few years after he or she graduates from university. Data from over a hundred EuroBarometer surveys are combined, to produce a data source with a very large sample. There are drawbacks to using EuroBarometer data to assess this hypothesis, and it appears that a more convincing source of data is needed for us to tell if the valence hypothesis is correct. But the evidence in this paper, while not perfect to assess this topic, does appear to support the valence hypothesis. This suggests there would be advantages to individuals, and to society, if more people are encouraged to attend universities.

Migration in South East Asia has been happening since a long time and it has indirectly given an impact to the increase of population in countries around the region. Besides population increase, migration of workers has also given an economical impact to the countries in the surrounding region by taking pleasure in certain benefits. The shift in the trend of economic activity from agriculture to industry, and the imbalance in the total population to job opportunities ratio as well as the expansion of education level of a country is often one of the major factors for migration to occur. In the South East Asian region, Malaysia is seen as one of the popular destinations for foreign workers to get a job, especially for those with little or no skills at all. Like other countries, we are rely on foreign workers because of modernization aspect and also the lack of work force in the employment sector. Therefore, the government has introduced a few policies in hiring foreign workers in certain sectors in order to implement economic agendas which have been pre-planned. Even then, their on-going and unstoppable entry has caused the country and its people to worry, especially regarding the threat imposed towards the security of the country.

Bangladesh is an over populated country with an approximate population of 154.7 Million [1]. Presently it is moving forward to catch the line of mid income countries from the low income country in a steady pace. This progress can be perceived from the improvement in the education, health, GDP, GNI as well as in other basic development indicators over the years. The main focus of this study is to find out the changes in the rural economic and social development over last three decades and appraise the situation of the rural areas (three villages) comparing to the overall development of Bangladesh. As per World Bank report, current primary enrolment is 114% (2011,%gross), Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line is 31.5% (2010),Life expectancy at birth is 70 years (2012), GNI per capita, Atlas method is $840 current USD (2012). Life expectancy at birth has been increased significantly over the years as well as the primary enrolment. The progress in sanitation and health awareness to the villagers also increased during the study period. But the percentage of rural people living below the poverty line has not been decreased due to very little change in their livelihood and earnings. Water supply during the dry season remains a headache for the rural people still now and most importantly GNI per capita of these rural areas are not satisfactory.