This paper aims to explore the nature and the function of leadership performance in organizations. Researchers address and assess how leadership can progress to be of maximum use of employees’ capabilities and to view teams as performing organizational units which is similar to other studies that focus on teamwork processes. Survey data from 72 teams (n = 279) was collected in three industrial institutions in the private sector) in the United Arab Emirates. The results are leaders develop or modify plans of action to address priorities to improve the employees’ performance, allocate needed resources and communicate plans to organization. Directing and controlling team appeared strongly related with the team employees towards their organization. Effective management network between team members’ was positively associated with the followers’ performance and negatively with innovative commitment. In addition, understanding organizational goals appeared strongly related to Team’s Leadership.

A survey on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of 200 farmers on rodent pests and their management was conducted in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, using a structured questionnaire to study the population ecology of rodents, their extent of damage and the various management practices commonly adopted by farmers to control them. The information on this survey is useful to formulate and design the Integrated Rodent Management (IRM) strategies or modules for effective rodent control. Farmers considered rodents as the main biological production constraint in paddy cultivation and estimated that they cause on an average of 10-15% yield losses in every season. Most of the farmers believe that, poison baiting could effectively control rodents, but majority of them were unaware of the dosages of rodenticide ingredients and also unaware of usage of bait stations as the effective rodent control practices. The survey revealed that, most of the farmers are with moderate level of knowledge (68 %) and practices (76 %) and also majority of them were categorized as secondary adopters (81%) basing on the analysis of farmers knowledge, practices and attitude attributes relating to rodent management respectively. A lack of proper knowledge in adopting current recommended rodent management practices and lack of farmer’s community approach appeared to be the main constraint in rodent management. Hence, to make the farmers as innovators with high levels of knowledge and skills in practices relating to rodent control, there is an urgent need of organizing training programmes to farmers and pesticide dealers. Field demonstrations, farmer’s interactions and developing united action among the farmers is essential for planning effective rodent control in larger stretches of land.

The purpose of the study is to examine the vulnerability to poverty of female headed households by way of making comparisons with their male counterparts in rural Ethiopia. It further looks through the determinants of vulnerability to poverty in female headed households. It is based on the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey from 1999- 200. On average 38 percent of households out of the total sampled households are highly vulnerable to poverty and 16.38 percent of the non poor are highly vulnerable to poverty. But based on the recent data used for this study only 35.26 percent of households in rural Ethiopia are poor. This shows that expected poverty is much higher than the point in time estimates of poverty, which connotes the importance of forward looking poverty analysis. The mean vulnerability for all households is also high. This means the households have a higher probability to be poor or remain poor. The mean vulnerability for Female Headed Households is higher than that of Male Headed Households. This shows that Female Headed Households are more vulnerable to poverty than Male Headed Households. Hence, gender-sensitive poverty alleviation policies that enhance endowments such as those that increase livestock ownership, land productivity, education level, and ability to control fertility should be the key ingredients of a poverty reduction strategy in rural Ethiopia.

It was tried to prepare the microcapsules containing the (W/O) emulsion or the (S/O) dispersion by the Spray-Gelling method. The shell material was gelled sodium alginate. In the case of preparation of the microcapsules containing the (W/O) emulsion, grape polyphenol as the first core was dissolved in the inner water droplets which were dispersed in α-tocopherol oil as the second core. In the case of preparation of the microcapsules containing the (S/O) dispersion, grape polyphenol powder as the first core was dispersed in the α-tocopherol oil as the second core. Two kinds of multiple emulsions such as the (W/O)/W emulsion and the (S/O)/W emulsion, in which the sodium alginate aqueous solution was the continuous water phase, were prepared and sprayed into the calcium chloride aqueous solution as the gelling agent through the nozzle. The microcapsules with the mean diameters from 20 to 70 μm could be prepared. The microencapsulation efficiency was increased by changing the (W/O) emulsion to the (S/O) dispersion.

Purpose:Define demand management concept and provide a guidance for the preconditions that need to be in place in order for a company to implement demand management process with its suppliers and customers.Design/methodology/approach:Uses the systematic literature review divided into three stages: planning the review, conducting the review, and reporting the review.Findings: This study clarifies the concept of demand management as the creation of synergies between operations and marketing aiming at understanding the market and developing actions synchronized with the company strategy, production capacity and final customer needs. Thus, in order to implement demand management process, it is necessary to understand the market through the capability analysis, constraints, and opportunities of external and internal environments to the organization. Such knowledge, together with the guidelines and strategic and operational practices of the company, focus on designing an efficient operational system to synchronize supply and demand through sales forecasting. In order to do so, the company needs a collaborative supply chain that consist of establishing corporative efforts between internal functions and external agents to the company aiming at meeting the final customers’ needs and obtaining competitive advantage. Practical implications: This study contribute to a better understanding and a broader view of demand manag-ement. The framework proposed has considerable applicability for practitioners providing guidance to implement demand management process in order to overcome the challenges of combining customer needs and supply chain capabilities. Originality/value: The demand management concept and framework have not previously been studied in great depth. The paper provides new knowledge and further contributes to academic thinking by clarifying demand management concept and proposing a guidance for demand management implementation.

Introduction: In the current situation of escalating antibiotic resistance it is essential to identify and report sensitivity pattern of these MDR bacteria in order to tailor empirical therapy and hygienic measures. Because there will be hardly any new antibiotics in the near future, a better understanding is needed on the how to optimize the use of existing antibiotics, alone and in combination with other drugs. To achieve this, periodic monitoring and surveillance of hospital antibiogram is mandatory. Materials & Methods: Antibiogram surveillance was done for a five year period from Jan-2008 to December 2012 .The report generated was as per CLSI guidelines. A longitudinal analysis of prevalent rates of MDR pathogens-ESBL Enterobactericiae, MRSA, Imipenem resistant Gram negative bacilli isolated from all clinical samples and their sensitivity pattern was done. Results: The most prevalent MDR gram negatives at our centre were ESBL E.coli & ESBL Klebsiella pneumonia (73% & 61% respectively) and MRSA among Gram positives at 24.5%. Pseudomonas was the most predominant Imipenem resistant gram negative bacilli. Uropathogenic E.coli strains had better sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin at 63%. Imipenem showed 90- 100% sensitivity to E.coli & Klebsiella and 70-80 % to Pseudomonas. MRSA was predominantly from soft tissue infection showing 100% sensitivity to Linezolid & 99% to Vancomycin. Conclusion: During the study period a narrow spectrum of sensitivity was observed for commonly used antibiotics. An empirical antimicrobial Guideline was drafted following the Antibiogram Surveillance. Infection control measures & antimicrobial stewardship had proven to be modestly effective in our study.

Rocuronium is a neuromuscular blocker with potential to provide advantages in surgeries that require shortterm muscular relaxation. A sample consisting of 20 female canines submitted to ovaryhysterectomy was randomly divided into two equally sized groups. All the animals received acepromazine (0,1 mg.kg-1, IV), propofol (6,0 mg.kg-1, IV) and maintenance with isofluorane. Rocuronium (0,1 mg.kg-1, IV) was administered at the moment of the skin incision to the animals in the “rocuronium group” (GR). In the “control group” (GC), saline 0,9% was administered in equivalent volume of that used to rocuronium in double-blind study. Respiratory frequency (FR) and the minute-volume (VM) were measured before the beginning of the treatment (M0), 15 minutes after the administration of pre-anesthesic medication (M1), subsequent to induction (M2), and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes after the administration of rocuronium or saline. The other variables were systolic blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiography, measured at M0, M1, M2 and every 10 minutes from this last moment (M3, M4, M5 and M6). The collection of samples for blood gas analysis was performed at M0, M3 and M6. A questionnaire on the muscular relaxation was responded by the surgical staff right after the procedures. The results revealed that there were only a few alterations in the respiratory dynamics. A reduction on the VM was noted 2 minutes from the administration of rocuronium in the GR group when compared to the GC group. Both protocols produced acidemia, respiratory acidosis and hyperchloremia. No significant alteration was noted in the circulatory dynamics. The muscular relaxation was considered superior in 80% of the animals in the group treated with rocuronium when compared to the non-treated group.

This paper aims to design and implement Log-Gabor filtering with Run-length Code based feature Extraction technique. Since minutiae extraction is an essential and core process of fingerprint Identification and Authentication systems, the minutiae features are enhanced in each orientation using Log-Gabor filter and features are extracted using the proposed method. Frequency domain is derived using FFT and they are enhanced by Log-Gabor filter for each orientation.In our method six orientations are considered; binarization, thinning are also followed. Fingerprint features are extracted using proposed method which possesses labeling and Run-length Coding technique. Our method is tested with the benchmark Databases and real time images and the results show the better performance and lower error rate.

The article investigates the dividend policy profile of the companies which voluntarily listed themselves in the BM & FBovespa New Market segment, which is seen as the strictest one concerning the best practices of corporate governance in the stock Market. The aim is to check whether the moves in the Brazilian Stock Market to promote greater transparency, equity in the treatment among the shareholders and adherence to the best practices of corporate governance reflected in dividend decisions which pursued the maximization of shareholders´ wealth. Therefore, the conceptual model of Dividend Residual Theory, first established by Modigliani & Miller (1961) and reviewed by Jensen (1986) in the Free Cash Flow Theory, was used. Thus, through multivariate statistical techniques, it was evaluated how these companies administered the Free Cash Flow to Equity during the whole working period of the segment up to 2011. Moreover, it was sought to observe whether the decisions on the FCF caused impacts in the shareholders´ profitability, expressed by the Share Rate of Return (SRR). As a result, it was seen that a great part of the companies presented high level of overinvestment in the period, provoked by the FCFE holding, and that such a problem could have been the cause of a smaller SRR in some sectors.

Farm-size is of an extreme interest in agriculture. This has been much debated over what may be appropriate size of the farm because the size of the operating unit, as in the case of manufacturing industries, decisively affects the income from agriculture. Since the amount of income is dependent on the size of the farm, preponderance in small and tiny holdings is mainly responsible poor peasantry in the third world countries. Even where there is no cost advantage or disadvantage for farms of various sizes, small farms will have, under usual price relationship, lower incomes and savings than large farms. Thus, size of farms is a vital element in determining the earning capacity of the farmer as well as the efficiency of a farming unit. Hence the present study aims to analyse the resource use efficiency of input factors in different size-level farms based on entire sample of Farms in three revenue mandals of Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected for the variables with the help of survey method through personal interviews of the farmers selected through mixed sampling. By studying the Marginal Value Products of factors of production, we assessed the relative importance of factors of production.