Mobile advertising gives companies an opportunity to directly communicate with their consumers beyond the boundaries of time and space. Although mobile advertising is emerging as a promising advertising channel, its effectiveness is still uncertain and requires more investigation. This paper recruited 247 young mobile users in Bahrain and analyzed their reactions to and perceptions of SMS advertising. The study found that these young consumers’ attitudes towards SMS advertising were determined by five SMS attributes: entertainment value, informativeness, credibility, personalization, and irritation level. The study also found that attitude plays a significant role in determining consumers’ future buying behavior, in terms of their intention to use SMS advertising as well as their word-of-mouth (WOM) response to it.

Technological innovation not only enable a broader reach for consumer banking and financial services in Indian banking sector, but also enhances its capacity for continued and inclusive growth. E-developments in the arena of ATMs, debit cards, credit cards and mobile banking are changing the way businesses work. While customers get the convenience of 24x7 banking, the bank saves in heavy real estate and manpower costs when compared to establishing a branch.The results are indicative of technology invasion in banks as is obvious from increasing number of ATMs, debit and credit cards.But on the flip side the number of branches of foreign sector banks is still limited in rural and semi-urban areas. ANOVA results highlight that there is a significant difference in the number of branches and private, public and foreign sector banks. ANOVA results for ATMs also highlight that there is a significant difference in the ATMs of private, public and foreign sector banks.

Cultural factor is recognized as a vital influence to communication as well as the key to success for a business. Cultural awareness helps organizational firm more efficient while behave cross-culturally to the international market. Meanwhile, the global business’s environment has become excessively complex because of the continuous entry of new corporations and private entrepreneurs where they tend to expand their market-share as well as differentiate their brands in order to compete in the world marketplace. Studies have shown that multinational organizations have to emphasize on cross-cultural management while competing with other organizations for the purpose of global expansion. Hence, it is important that businesses in different countries to raise their level of sensitivity, understand and respect towards each other’s cultural difference which would benefits them with the growth of their international business. This paper’s provide an analytical framework and concise version of conclusion of the importance of communication and source of conflict in crosscultural management whether marketers doing standardization or global localization.

This paper addresses the creation of pension funds for federal civil servants in Brazil, analyzing the existing legislation and regulation on this issue. To this end, it takes off based on the genesis of the Brazilian private pension plans, logging the emergence of private funds as well as the existence of various laws and constitutional amendments prior to Law 12.618/2012, which provided for the pension funds system for Brazilian federal public servants. It also identifies proponents and opponents to the Foundation for Pension Funds of Federal Civil Servants (FUNPRESP), signaling the discursive construction of the pension fund schemes as central character in contemporary welfare capitalism. Finally, presents controversial aspects of the new pension fund law developments in Brazil.

Background: This study is to design, develop, create, deploy, test and deliver, together with documentation, help manual and training for web based GIS application of health facilities and services under Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Methods: The system is web-based mapping and navigation can be used with Internet such as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. The development of web mapping system was programmed by using Arc GIS Server. Tools and GIS software functions will be simplified to allow the search and analysis process can be done more easily. Results: There are four modules in the system created. First module is view for display list of health facilities in the system. Second module is search to obtain information on health facilities, services, providers and specialty. Third module is analysis for gathered an area of geographic information, get ratios facilities, services, and providers of services to the population, analysis of the buffer zone (buffer) to find coverage of a health facility for a certain distance and other geo statistical analysis. Last module is tools for issue the results of the analysis in the form of tables, graphs and maps that can be stored or printed. The system is controlled by the administrator where users need to request to use this application. Discussions: Web mapping can be expanding by using smart phones and tablet that supports Android, iOS and Windows phone. This system can also know the distribution of the disease in real time by appropriate user can update through online. Web mapping application enables user to use the GIS database has information facilities, services and service providers without having to have a deep knowledge in the field of GIS or using GIS software. Conclusions: This system assists stakeholders in the Ministry of Health in planning and developing facilities and services in Malaysia. It also to reducing the use of human resources especially in monitoring and providing health services information and

Occurrence of psammoma bodies (PB) in CNS is strongly associated with meningiomas. Its occurrence with arterio-venous malformation (AVM) is rare. We report a case of an unconscious 70 year old male who presented in the emergency department with mass lesion and on histop - athology revealed a lesion composed of variable sized dilated and congested vascular channels which were mainly thin walled but with few thick walled vascular channels as well. Also noted were numerous lamellated calcified bodies (PB) which were present both intra-vascularly in small vascular channels as well as extra-vascular glial tissue. The minimal glial tissue included in the biopsy showed astrocytic prolife - ration showing mild anisonucleosis and hyperc -hromasia. Hence on light microscopy a differential diagnosis of Psammomatous cavernous haemangioma with a possibility of concurrent meningioma was suggested, as the synchronous presence of both the lesions is well documented in literature. A possibility of angiomatous variant of meningioma was also suggested. For confirmation of diagnosis, immunohi - stochemical studies were recommended which confirmed the lesion to be arising from vascular endothelial cells; so thereby conclusively ruling out meningotheliomatous neoplasm. Hence a final diagnosis of psammomatousarteriovenous malfor - mation was rendered. Present case report is worth publishing as it not only documents the presence of PB in setting of AVM, but also highlights the importance of utilizing IHC tool to conclusively diagnose or rule out meningiomas in all such settings. It is important because angiomatous variant of meningioma with presence of PB can closely mimic AVM leading to a wrong diagnosis and further wrong management of the patient.

Summary- This article is about the innovation on management of the stock in a wood company focus in acquisition and program on the productivity process. The lack of publication involving this subject is the reason to study that the problem in the professional workplace and contributes in the business management, engineering, economy, environment and others. The goal of this paper is to discuss and join the information about the forestry products and the logistic used in the wood industry. This involves questions on logistic, stock programmming and buying of raw material. The hope is to improve the procedure of this sector allowing cost reduction, quality in decision and critical view about the performance, with systemic perception that can be used with the innovation in this type of companies. The answer is found in the contingency theory, through the application of the Method of Case Study with its regular procedure. As a result is offered a theoretical, technical and conceptual support on what this researched wood manager is practicing. Recommendations are offered to continuous improvement and economical, social and environmental viability in this sector.

Due to changes in lifestyle and urbanization, the consumption of bread has increased in Nigeria and other developing countries. Since, wheat cannot perform well under tropical climate, the country had over the years dependent on wheat imports mostly from the United States. Wheat importation had had detrimental effects on the Nigerian economy. In order to reduce the impact on the economy, Nigeria released policy mandating the flour mills to partially substitute wheat flour with 40% cassava flour for bread making. The potential benefits of the policy include Savings of the Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings of N 254 billion (1$ = N156) per annum, reduction in the severity of coeliac disease, utilization of locally available crops and creation of employment and wealth. Substitution of wheat with other flour to the tone of 40% would require improvers, which have to be imported. Other potential challenges of the policy include poor quality of the bread, weak cassava flour supply chains, strong consumer preference for 100% wheat bread, and the reluctance of millers to use composite flour. Except the aforementioned challenges are adequately addressed, the 40% wheat flour substitution may fail like previous attempts.

Cognitive radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization by enabling secondary access to unused licensed bands. A prerequisite to this secondary access is having no interference to the primary system. This requirement makes spectrum sensing a key function in cognitive radio systems. Among common spectrum sensing techniques, energy detection is an engaging method due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, the major disadvantage of energy detection is the hidden node problem, in which the sensing node cannot distinguish between an idle and a deeply faded or shadowed band. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) which uses a distributed detection model has been considered to overcome that problem. On other dimension of this cooperative spectrum sensing, this is vulnerable to sensing data falsification attacks due to the distributed nature of cooperative spectrum sensing. As the goal of a sensing data falsification attack is to cause an incorrect decision on the presence/absence of a PU signal, malicious or compromised SUs may intentionally distort the measured RSSs and share them with other SUs. Then, the effect of erroneous sensing results propagates to the entire CRN. This type of attacks can be easily launched since the openness of programmable software defined radio (SDR) devices makes it easy for (malicious or compromised) SUs to access low layer protocol stacks, such as PHY and MAC. However, detecting such attacks is challenging due to the lack of coordination between PUs and SUs, and unpredictability in wireless channel signal propagation, thus calling for efficient mechanisms to protect CRNs. Here in this paper we attempt to perform contemporary affirmation of the recent literature of benchmarking strategies that enable the trusted and secure cooperative spectrum sensing among Cognitive Radios.

In contemporary researches on Ethics, the study subject of this discipline seems to be simple and is considered as being a sociological, given fact. From this perspective, the subject of Ethics is provided by the external experience, the observation of the social world and of the rules of conduct, including the ones pertaining to certain professional fields, which are actually followed or just proclaimed verbally, as well as by the internal experience, our own sense regarding the idea of good and acceptance of the moral rules. However, this way of perceiving things has an important shortcoming: it cannot explain an ethical conduct which is defining for the human being, the heroic conduct. There are people with strong characters who, in the name of some ethical ideals, make choices that do not pursue personal interests. On the contrary, the choices can prejudice them greatly and even putting their own lives in danger. We are talking about choices that are not conditioned internally or externally, neither socially or by personal emotions, but are ethical imperatives that refer to unconditional and unrelated values, to the definite and absolute. Our present endeavor seeks to highlight how the manifestation of the Unconditional occurs in the case of exemplary ethical personality of antiquity and how the Unconditional reveals itself as being a divine imperative, a metaphysical principle.