Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) are form of wireless networks in which nodes can configure by themselves in free and dynamic manner to form temporary network topology. These networks do not have any fixed infrastructure and any centralized administration. Routing is the most challenging task in MANETs as the network topology keeps on changing due to mobility of nodes. Routing involves task of discovering route to destination node for a source to send data packets. In MANET, as there is no fixed infrastructure, nodes act as routers or packet forwarding devices. Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol used for routing in MANETs is considered most suited for such networks and is selected for introducing a new approach for path discovery. AODV looks for route only when any of the node is having data packets ready to be sent to some destination. But under node mobility and variable node density the performance of AODV reduced. In this paper a Network Path Discovery AODV protocol (NPDAODV) is proposed, which considers node speed, signal strength, distance between nodes and queue occupancy while discovering network path. Also the newly proposed protocol is compared with AMAODV, an earlier work. Network Simulator (NS2) is used to perform the comparative simulations to study the proposed work.

Herpes Zoster (Or Simply Zoster) Is An Acute, Self- Limiting Viral Infection Characterized By Painful Vesicular Eruptions With Erythema Typically Present As Unilateral Dermatomal Rash. It Is Caused By Reactivation Of Dormant Varicella Zoster Virus. About 1 Million Patients Per Year Are Affected By This Condition. It Mainly Affects The Elderly And Persons With Waning Cell Mediated Immunity. If Left Untreated It May Lead To Various Complications Of Significant Morbidity Leaving A Considerable Effect On Quality Of Life As Well As Economic Status Of The Patient; The Most Serious Complication Being The Post Herpetic Neuralgia, A Chronic Neuropathic Pain Syndrome Which Leaves The Patient In A Debilitating State. This Review Article Provides An Overview Of The Disease And Emphasizes More On The Classical Features And Conventional Treatment Modalities Of Zoster Thus Enabling The Oral Physician To Make Early Diagnosis And Give Prompt Treatment, Which Is The Mainstay For The Management Of The Disease.

More than one third of the total population in Bangladesh fails to meet their basic needs with the income they earn. Basically poor people, senior citizens, poor women, and geographically-disadvantaged people are the most vulnerable, striving to get a minimum living standard. This is why Government, donors and NGOs are implementing different aspects of social policies at local level to help general people to meet their basic needs by creating income generating activities and capacity development. Although previous results of research represent the situation of policy implementation quite well, it is hard to get the evidence of which factors influence the implementation of social protection policy and how they do so. Against this backdrop, this paper tries to answer some specific questions including who played what role from the policy initiation through the policy formulation stages? what were the priorities and concerns of these stakeholders? And, how has such a policy genesis affected policy performance? In this research, National Service Program has been taken as a case. Core activities of the project are capacity development and two years temporary employment generation. The article found that National Service Program is an exceptional policy where ruling political party expressed their greater concern and allocated money to implement the program. In this policy process political commitment is a determinant factor which gives the guaranty of policy success i.e resource allocation and maximum utilization of financial and non-financial allocation. The finding confesses that if political party generates the idea and owns the policy then its implementation becomes easy.

Louis Althusser suggested eight forms of ideologywhichcomprisetheIdeologicalStateApparatuses(ISA).According to Althusser these ISA’s manage hegemony withouttheneedforthestaterepressiveforce.Thisoriginaleffortsuggeststhatinthewakeofmassivehistoricalandsocialchange, two additional ideologies must be added to Althusserconcepts; a) the Mass Culture Ideology; and b) “TechnologicalNihilism”. Indeed, both ideologies operate in tandem with eachother resulting in the singularity of thought, social conformity,and hegemony.

This paper presents a detailed study of RF characteristics together with the high frequency performance of dual gate large area graphene MOSFET. A quasi analytical modeling approach is presented here. To know the RF characteristics of a graphene MOSFET, the transconductance is simulated using small signal equivalent model. Finally the intrinsic top and back gate gain of graphene MOSFET are also shown which are very important figure of merit for RF applications.

The aim of study is to find out the effective way of improving the quality and productivity of a production line in manufacturing industry. The objective is to identify the defect of the company and create a better solution to improve the production line performance. Various industrial engineering technique and tools is implementing in this study in order to investigate and solve the problem that occurs in the production. However, 7 Quality Control tools are the main tools that will be applied to this study. Data for the selected assembly line factory are collected, studied and analyzed. The defect with the highest frequency will be the main target to be improved. Various causes of the defect will be analyzed and various solving method will be present. The best solving method will be chosen and propose to the company and compare to the previous result or production. However, the implementation of the solving methods is depending on the company whether they wanted to apply or not.

Analyses of runoff- sediment measurement and evaluation using automated and convectional runoff-meters was carried out at Meteorological and Hydrological Station of Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi using two runoff plots (ABCDa and EFGHm) of area 2m2 each, depth 0.26 m and driven into the soil to the depth of 0.13m. Runoff depths and intensities were measured from each of the positioned runoff plot. Automated runoff-meter has a measuring accuracy of ±0.001l/±0.025 mm and rainfall depth-intensity was measured using tippingbucket rainguage during the period of 14-month of experimentation. Minimum and maximum rainfall depths of 1.2 and 190.3 mm correspond to measured runoff depths (MRo) of 0.0 mm for both measurement approaches and 60.4 mm and 48.9 mm respectively. Automated runoff-meter provides precise, accurate and instantaneous result over the convectional measurement of surface runoff. Runoff measuring accuracy for automated runoff-meter from the plot (ABCDa) produces R2 = 0.99; while R2 = 0.96 for manual evaluation in plot (EFGHm). WEPP and SWAT models were used to simulate the obtained hydrological variables from the applied measurement mechanisms. The outputs of sensitivity simulation analysis indicate that data from automated measuring systems gives a better modelling index and such could be used for running robust runoff-sediment predictive modelling technique under different reservoir sedimentation and water management scenarios.

This study examines how legislators use one-minute speeches (OMS) in a venue never before considered, the Israeli parliament (the Knesset). The study considers two research questions. First, do legislators use OMSs to set their agenda and make policy? If so, in what way? Second, what are the characteristics of the legislators who make extensive use of OMSs? We consider these questions in light of the global economic crisis of 2007-2010. The findings show that legislators made very limited use of OMSs as tool for making policy about the economic crisis. We found the same trend in the finance committee meetings and motions for the agenda. Furthermore, while opposition MKs, junior MKs and Arab MKs used OMSs more extensively than other MKs, they still rarely used them as a policy-making tool.

Here we present a technique which construct the topology for heterogeneous SoC, (Application Specific NoC) such that total Dynamic communication energy is optimized. The topology is certain to satisfy the constraints of node degree as well the link length. We first layout the topology by finding the shortest path between traffic characteristics with the branch and bound optimization technique. Deadlock is dealt with escape routing using Spanning tree. Investigation outcome show that the proposed design methodology is fast and achieves significant dynamic energy gain.

Proper heat treatment of steels is one of the most important factors in determining how they will perform in service. Engineering materials, mostly steel, are heat treated under controlled sequence of heating and cooling to alter their physical and mechanical properties to meet desired engineering applications. In this study we have chosen AISI 1020 steel as for our research work and we have tried to find out the mechanical properties (hardness) and micro structural properties (martensite formation, carbon self-locking region) by means of appropriate heat treatment process (annealing, normalizing & hardening). Here the steel specimens were heat treated in a furnace at different temperature levels and soaking time; and then cooled in various media (air, ash, water). After that the hardness of the specimens were rechecked for the comparison with previous data and the microstructures of the specimens were examined using metallurgical microscope equipped with camera. These results showed that the hardness of AISI 1020 steel can be changed and improved by different heat treatments for a particular application. From the microstructures we have found that the annealed specimens with mainly ferrite structure give the lowest hardness value and highest ductility while hardened specimens which comprise martensite give the highest hardness value and lowest ductility. On the other hand, normalized specimens have given the moderate hardness and ductility comparing with hardened and annealed specimens.