Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endothelial surface of the heart and heart valves with serious, even fatal complications and that often requires long-term treatment. Many dental procedures may lead to IE in high-risk patients. The aim of the present study wasto assesstheawareness and knowledge of graduating medicalanddental students at Qassim University, KSA regarding prevention of infective endocarditis. A questionnaire was administered to the last year medicalanddental students. An acceptable level ofsuccessinthe test was defined as at least 7 correct answers out of 13 (53%).Out of 118 students participating in this study, 65 (47.4%) passed the test successfully. Although the pass-rate of medical students (45/93 or 48.4%) was comparatively higher than that of dental students (11/25 or 44%)the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. This study showed that theknowledge concerning prevention of IE among the dental and medical students was moderate and highlighted the necessity of more education in this field.

Background: increased sexual activities among young people, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and secondary infertility have become major reproductive health concerns in nigeria. Unwanted pregnancy while preventable through appropriate contraception is a risk factor for disruption of education, future unemployment, and secondary infertility. Aim: To assess contraceptive knowledge, use and related behavior among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in edo state, nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Female undergraduates from two tertiary institutions (federal polytechnic, auchi and ambrose alli university, ekpoma) in edo north and central districts were selected using a multistage sampling technique and a sample of 374 students was drawn from both institutions. Results: The age group of 20- 24 years constituted the highest proportion (61.5%) of respondents with the mean age being 23 ±4.2 years. majority (80.6%) of them were singles. Awareness of contraceptives was very high (94.4%) while the commonest method known was condoms (76.1%). Only 31.2 % of respondents had good knowledge of methods and benefits of using contraceptives. Current utilization rate of contraceptive was 39.3% while current sexual activity was 45.2%. association between level of knowledge and use of contraceptive was significant (df = 2; x2 = 7.756; p= 0.021). Conclusion: knowledge of contraception was poor while the regular use of contraceptives was lower than of sexual activity. We recommend a more systematic approach to promoting contraceptive use among sexually active undergraduate women through the use of multiple health promotion channels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to developand validate an instrument for measuring and assessingperceived performance management practices in Institutionsof Higher Education in Uganda. These practices are based onmetaphors derived from the agency, upper echelon, resourcebased view, dynamic capability and goal setting theories.Design/methodology/approach:Item development was aresult of an intensive literature review, reliability assessment,exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A survey thatinvolved a sample of 447 respondents in four Institutions ofHigher Education in Uganda was conducted. Findings:Results show that the items are related to individualmember’s perceived performance management practices thatwere based on appropriate employer-employee relationships,locus of decision making, identifying and utilising availableresources and involving employees in goal setting to achieveperformance in an ever changing environment. Using theconfirmatory factor analysis (CFA)/ structuralequationmodelling (SEM), moderate model fit indices and constructvalidity results plausibly yielded a model that fits the data.Goodness-of-fit index (GFI= .961), comparative fit index (CFI= .977) and normed-fit- index (NFI = .944) and Tucker LewisIndex (TLI = .969) were above suggested threshold values>.90 and RMSEA = .039 was obtained. Research limitations/implications: The data used is a singlesample from a studied population even when a systematicprocedure of instrument development (i.e. descriptivestatistics, reliability and inter-correlation analysis, exploratoryand confirmatory factor analysis) was conducted could limitgeneralisability of the results. The procedure could bereplicated using different samples in the same population.Originality/value:Scores at the individual level could be usedto promote performance management practices in Institutionsof Higher Education in Uganda.

In this paper we have investigated the whey fermentation at the production of white brine cheese with strain Kluyveromyces marxianus lactis MC 5, using non-conventional substrate whence for receiving of unicellular protein by an ecological clean and wasteless technology. This process is used for dynamic optimisation Neuro-Dynamic Programming theory. With this optimization procedure the quantity product is increased at the end of the process, simultaneously fermentation time is decreased. The producing of lactose with using of cheese whey, which is a waste product at the production of white brine cheese leads to the receiving one of close cycle and an ecological clean and wasteless technology.

Aim and Objective: Comparison of IHC expression of P53 protein in frozen section versus routine paraffin embedded section in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with OSCC were selected from the Department Of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi,During curative surgery tissue sections were obtained for frozen IHC and paraffin embedded sections were obtained from routinely processed ressected tissue which were sent for histopathological diagnosis were also subjected to IHC for the purpose of the study. The tissue when then assessed to determine the expression of p53 protein. Results: Sharper and more extensive p53 protein expression was observed in frozen section as compared to formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. This is thought to be due to the blockage of antigen sites by formalin. Conclusion: This study is of great significance to the pathologist who routinely assess IHC and reports on frozen section as diagnostic tools to guide the surgeon in order to determine the extent to which the ressection should be carried out. Hence, we can conclude that frozen section is more derivative in accordance with time as compared to formalin fixed tissue for determining the expression and as an important investigation to modify resection by using various tumor markers. In our study, we also considered conduction of IHC for margins during surgical procedure in order to guide the surgeon whether the margins are positive or negative and if the resection has to be extended or not. IHC here was conducted in a time period of 2 hours by polymer technique. Hence, an important and more definitive diagnostic tool for immediate results.

The use of antibiotics has revolutionized the treatment of various enteric bacterial infections. However, their indiscriminate use has led to an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance among microorganisms, thus necessitating the need for development of novel antimicrobials. Then main objective of this study is to evaluate antibacterial activity of pomegranate fruit extract on selected bacterial culture. Antibacterial activity of pomegranate was tested on MRS agar plates by employing punch well technique. Various concentrations of the peels, arils and peels and arils mixture (1:1) prepared by dissolving in Dimethyl Sulphoxide to obtain a final concentration of 10g.ml, 5g.ml, 2.5g.ml and 1.25g.ml against the test organisms. The sensitivity of bacterial strains to aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the peels and arils of Punica granatum calculated by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. Result showed combination of peels and arils extract has greater inhibitory effect. Arils have no inhibitory effect against selected organisms. Result showed combination of peels and arils have greater antibacterial effect than pure peel extract. Also result showed combination of peels and arils have greater antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus in comparison with pure peel extract. Also result showed pure peel extract has grater antibacterial effect on S. mutans in comparison with combination of peel and arils extract.

Background: Multidrugs resistance is an emerging health problem that ultimately will lead to vanishing of effective medicine against infections including Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Aim: This a prospective hospital base study of 58 Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates in Assir region aim at evaluating the sensitivity profile of commonly used antibiotic during the period of March 2011- Sep. 2011. Materials and Methods: Bacteriology procedures ; staining, culture, catalase, coagulase and antibiotics sensitivity test using diffusion disc test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and molecular (PCR) for confirmation of Staphylococcal species and detection of the Mec A gene. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Result: 58 Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates including 14 diabetics. Age groups include 29 (0-15yrs), 14 (16-50yrs) and 15 (50yrs& above). The total resistance cases to Oxacillin/ Mithicillin was found to be 56 cases (96.4%); all non diabetics were resistance. Resistance and sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin among diabetic and non diabetic were 75.9% and 24.1% respectively. Total resistance to Fusidin were 81%, while total resistant to Erythromycin in all ages groups were 86.2%. In age group (0-15) years 93.1% were resistant to the drug which comprises, 54%of the total resistant cases (n=50) and 46.6% from all Staphylococcus epidermidis cases (n=58). Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen associated with community acquired and nosocomial infections. The nosocomial infections are predominant in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Resistance of Erythromycin in S. epidermidis cases among children is highly observed as this drug is commonly used by this age group. Diabetes has equivocal effect on drugs sensitivity. The frequency of staphylococcus multi-drugs resistance is rising.

Sonneratia apetala-Buch.- Ham is a mangrove tree from the family, Lythraceae. The aim of the study is to evaluate analgesic, antidirrhoeal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic activity of the fruits of S. apetala. The extract showed dose dependent analgesic activity using acetic acid induced writhing inhibition of the Swiss albino mice. The extract produced 46% and 69% writhing inhibition at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively while the standard drug (Diclofenac Sodium) produced 82% writhing inhibition at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. In vivo antidiarrheal activity was substantiated by significant prolongation of latent period and decrease in total number of stools at four dose level as compared to standard loperamide. In anthelmintic test the extract showed significant and dose dependent decrease in paralysis time and death time of Haemonchus contortus, where albendazole was used as standard. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, extract showed activity indicated by LC50

Background: In Saudi Arabia, too few studies are published regarding the dental health habits of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate their parents’ dental knowledge; and the oral hygiene practices of a group of autistic children. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study targeting parents of autistic children enrolled in three different rehabilitation centers in Riyadh. A total of 450 selfadministered questionnaires formulated in simple Arabic were distributed to parents of children diagnosed with autism or any form of ASD. The questionnaires consisted of demographic questions and dental-related questions, such as the sources of dental knowledge, causes of dental problems, and opinion about the proper time of first dental visits. Results: The majority of the participating parents didn’t receive any dental knowledge from dental personnel. More than 60% of the parents reported that their children were unable to brush their teeth by themselves. In addition, the results showed that 90% of the children used toothbrushes and pastes, and only 34% of them brushed their teeth once per day, Furthermore, more than half of the mothers reported that they helped their children during tooth brushing. The parents did not have proper knowledge about the timing of children‘s first dental visit. Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is lack in dental knowledge within the participating group of parents in this study. Dental professionals should increase their efforts to educate their patients about dental knowledge.

Domestic sewage treatment experiments were conducted in trickling filters in laboratory pilot plants in which the peeled dehydrated fruits of Luffa cyllindrica were used as a support medium for microbiological growth, in order to verify its capacity to remove organic matter, measured in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5, 20) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results obtained, when compared to results from similar pilot plant using stones as supporting medium, indicated that Luffa cyllindrica can substitute, under specific conditions, the traditional support media. Also, although detailed microbiologic studies were not among the objectives of this study, it was observed that the biofilm found in Luffa cyllindrica was richer in species and in a higher evolutive stadium than the biofilm found in the stones. Further studies are recommended.