Aquatic insect diversity of Rajaji National Park, India has been monitored for a period of twelve months. Some of the important hydrological attributes were also measured in continuity of one-month interval. Aquatic insects were sampled from two sites (S1 and S2) of the Song River of the Rajaji National Park. A significant difference in the density (t=2.86455, p<0.05) and diversity (t=5.23425, p<0.001) of aquatic insects was found due to differences in physicochemical setup of aquatic environment of these sites. It was also revealed that the nature, size and composition of bottom substrates have their significant impact on the diversity of benthic aquatic insects. The diversity of benthic aquatic insects ranged from 3.0270-4.4561 indicating the good quality of water. A high diversity (4.1085-4.4561) among aquatic insects was recorded in winter months when the water was almost clear with moderate temperature and water current, and high dissolved oxygen in the Song river of Rajaji National Park.

Cloud is a relatively new concept, so it is unsurprising that the security of information and data Protection concerns, network security and privacy still need to be addressed fully. The cloud allows clients to avoid hardware and software in Investments, gain flexibility, and cooperation with others, and to take advantage of sophisticated Services. However, security is a big problem for cloud clients especially access control; client profiles management and access services provided by public cloud environment. This article we are proposing an authentication model for cloud based on the Kerberos V5 protocol to provide single sign-on and to prevent against DDOS attacks in the access control system. This model could benefit by filtering against unauthorized access and to reduce the burden, computation and memory usage of cloud against authentication checks for each client. It acts as a trust third party between cloud servers and clients to allow secure access to cloud services. In this paper we will see some of the related work for cloud access control security issues and attacks. Then in next section we will discuss the proposed architecture.

Substance use disorders have been given increase recognition recently in community and clinical studies. The study investigated relationship between depression, paranoid ideationand substance abuse among Nigerian military personnel deployed for peace support operation. A total of twenty two thousand and four hundred (n=22400) Nigerian Army personnelearmarked for United Nations peace support operation in Sudan and Liberia participated in the cross sectional study, using a 244-item structured self-report questionnaireand Multi-drug one step Multi-Line Screen Test Device (Urine).The mean age of the participants was 32.4years (SD±5.1). A positive relationship of depression (r=.71, df =22399, P<.05) and paranoid ideation (r=.65, df =22399, P<.05) with substance abuse was observed.18.5% of Nigerian Army personnel abuse one of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco, and 8.5% abuse at least two of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco. 12.3% of troop deployed for peace support operation had depressive symptoms while 13.2% had paranoid ideation symptoms. This establishes a relationship between depression, paranoid ideation and substance abuse. Policies and actions should be directed towards holistic approach on management of dual disorders in the Nigerian Military.

The main objectives of this study are twofold. The first objective is to examine the volatility spillover between seventeen European stock market returns and exchange rate, over the period 2007-2011, in a multivariate setting, using the VAR (1)-GARCH (1,1) model which allows for transmission in returns and volatility. The second is to investigate the dependence structure and to test the degree of the dependence between financial returns using two measures of dependence: correlations and copula functions. Five candidates, the Gaussian, the Student’s t, the Frank, the Clayton and the Gumbel copulas, are compared. Our empirical results for the first objective suggest that past own volatilities matter more than past shocks (news) and there are moderate cross market volatility transmission and shocks between the markets. Moreover, the result on the second objective implies that, considering all the financial returns together, the Student-t copula seems the best fitting model, followed by the Normal copula, both for the two sub-period. The dependence structure is symmetric and has non-zero tail dependence. However, if we examine the relationship between each pair of stock-FX returns, both of the degree of the dependence and the dependence structure vary when the financial Greek crisis occurs. Our findings have important implications for global investment risk management by taking into account joint tail risk.

We investigate the impacts mining operations have on established Wired/Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) in mining environments in the Western Region of Ghana. Mining activities have certain immutable negative impacts on the topography of the land with consequent effects on LAN Networks. Notable are undulating landscape with pronounced physical obstructions, LAN infrastructural relocations and reconstruction, higher atmospheric dust concentration, severe ground vibrations due to blasting and the motion of heavy mine machineries. The mobile nature of mining operations/ practices often results in relocations of established network infrastructure such as fibre cables, repeater base stations, and mask towers (i.e. cell sites).The main reason for LAN infrastructural relocations is to ensure effective LAN/WLAN communication especially during mine expansions. However, this results into lengthy network downtimes. Employees’ redundancies or idleness during network downtimes reduce mine productivity by about GHc2, 577, 860.64 (USD 1,288,930.32) annually. We recommend preventive maintenance schedule for all existing LAN infrastructure; basic Information Communication Technology (ICT) Training into the regular training module; technically qualified Information Technology (IT) experts be part of management and finally; IT projects be planned and integrated into the annual business plan. Netronics Wireless Broadband (NWB) communication technology solutions were also recommended to management and IT policy makers in the mining companies for consideration due to its good performance in mining environments.

Advertisement is one of the common marketing strategy tools which can help to influence customer buying decision and perception towards the particular brand. Thus, online business is getting more and more popular in contemporary times due to the technology advanced which lead to the business market became more competitive now. Marketers use various techniques of online advertisement to get the attention from online customers in order to compete in the market. In this essay will describe the effectiveness of online advertisement techniques and the perception of customer that influence their buying decision.

The issues of social capital, social cohesion, and social inclusion are increasingly gaining interest in economics, sociology, and politics, mostly in regards to addressing poverty and designing related policies. In this paper, we explain how social inclusion, cohesion and capital differ from each other and different factors that can affect group cohesion as well as benefits. It outlined the understanding of differences between these concepts and how they fit together in individual decision making processes in every organization. In carrying out this study, we had relied upon the use of secondary sources such as journals and other publications. The study found that social inclusion and group cohesion are crucial for the success of any enterprise and concluded that social capital has various social policy functions that relate to bridging, bonding or linking relationships and thus play a critical role in the survival of modern organizations.

This research sought to evaluate the role of electronic payment systems in financial institutions using a case of a Savings Bank in Zimbabwe. The research objectives were; to find the types of electronic payment systems used by the savings bank, to assess the role of electronic payment systems on operations of the savings bank and to find the merits and demerits of using electronic payment systems in savins banking. This research used a descriptive survey design. The findings were based on data obtained from 20 savings bank employees, 40 savings bank customers and five savings bank top managers from Causeway and Bindura branches. Questionnaires and face to face interviews were used to obtain primary data and secondary data was obtained through studying information from internet online publications, textbooks as well as latest newspaper articles. The study found out that the types of electronic payment systems that was offered by the savings bank were; Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), ATMs, credit cards, cell phone banking, western union money transfer, Eco cash and telegraphic transfers. It was also found that the adoption and use of electronic payment systems affected such issues as; convenience, product and service variety, cost reduction, speedy payment, security and accessibility. The researcher also found that the demerits of electronic payment systems were safety, flexibility, reliability, cost reduction, independence and speed and the challenges facing companies seeking to invest in electronic payment systems like the savings bank in the study were; high set up costs, web thievery, auditing challenges and long query solving time. It was thus concluded that electronic payment systems investments were important to savings banking business operations. Electronic payment systems, if properly implemented and utilized resulted in positive results on the profitability of the bank. The major recommendations resulting from this study were that the banks properly imp

This paper focuses on the various issues related to the coal mining in India. Coal mining contributes largely towards economic development of the nation although it has a great impact upon the human health. It also has its impact on socio-cultural aspect of the workers and people residing in and around coal mining areas. Thus a holistic approach for taking up to mining activities, keeping in mind concerns for adjoining habitats and ecosystem, is the need of the hour. This requires identification of various sites where minerals exist and various factors ranging from appropriate angle of slope of overburden dumps, safe disposal drains, and safe techniques to various silt control structures etc.

Thin film silicon solar panels are subjected to switching study under high energy X-Rays exposures. Photo current of unbiased cell is recorded with time at short regular intervals (10 sec) at room temperature. These exposures develop reproducing photocurrents. Long exposures (Kilo second) are found to degrade the photocurrent almost linearly at a rate 2.4X10-14A/s. Solar panels are found to recover from the radiation damage in time spanning from 10-15 Hr. Trends of photo-currents at on-set and off-set are analysed in the light of trap-centers and reverse electric field at the electrodes. Variations of photocurrent with intensity of X-rays were also obtained. Results show that silicon based thin film solar cells are sufficiently stable and hard under the short exposures (10s) from high energy X-rays and can be used as X-ray sensors for space applications.