Abstract- The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between external audit fees and the effectiveness of internal corporate governance of non-financial companies listed on Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) by testing substitution and signaling theories. To reachthis aim, data were collected from the annual reports of all non-financial companies listed on the exchange for the year 2012. The result of the analysis showed partial support to substitution theory. Effective internal audit employed by nonfinancial Emirati companies listed on ADX appeared to be negatively related to external audit fees. The relations was, however, marginally significant.

A set S V [L(G)] is a non split geodetic set of L(G), if S is a geodetic set and is connected. The non split geodetic number of a line graph L(G), is denoted by gns[L(G)], is the minimum cardinality of a non split geodetic set of L(G). In this paper we obtain the non split geodetic number of line graph of any graph. Also obtain many bounds on non split geodetic number in terms of elements of G and covering number of G. We investigate the relationship between non split geodetic number and geodetic number.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the handoff / handover conceptsin wireless communication. Mobility is the distinct feature of wireless mobile cellular system. As a mobile subscriber move between different radio networks, a handover process is needed to change its point of attachment.The continuation of an active call is one of the most important quality measurements in cellular systems. Handoff process enables a cellular system to provide such a facility by transferring an active call from one cell to another. Usually, continuous service is achieved by supporting handoff which isthe transfer of an ongoing call from the current cell to the next adjacent cell as the mobile moves through the coverage area. The paper represents the current approaches of handoff initialization, detection strategies and their relative benefits and disadvantages.

Introduction Morphological variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are of immense clinical importance and should be borne in mind prior to any axillary exploration. This study aims at emphasizing the anatomical and clinical details of one such rare variation of the axillary artery. Methods Fifty cadaveric specimens of axilla were studied thoroughly to identify a rare, undocumented anomalous duplication of axial artery of upper limb. Results This anomalous artery originated from the third part of the axillary artery and coursed through the brachium and ante-brachium to terminate in an incomplete superficial palmar arch and a digital branch to the middle finger. The anomalous artery had varying relations with the surrounding structures and gave numerous muscular and cutaneous branches en-route. Conclusion Precise anatomical description of such variant branches can prove to be a boon for surgeons and radiologists performing different procedures in the axillary region. Procedures like brachial plexus blockade, radical axillary lymph node clearance and arterial stump based flap reconstruction have gained popularity in recent times and can be performed without causing unwanted complications by gaining thorough knowledge of axillary neurovascular anomalies.

Breast conserving treatment (BCT) is the treatment of choice in early breast cancer. Despite years of observation it is still regarded as controversial – not in regard to the very idea; the controversy pertains rather to the way it is being performed by radiation oncologists and surgeons. There are no uniform indications as far as the optimal surgery range is concerned (lumpectomy alone, lumpectomy with the macroscopic margin of 1cm, excision of the breast tissue block of a segment or a quadrant). BCT has produced survival equivalent to mastectomy in the treatment of patients with early-stage invasive breast carcinoma in several randomized Phase III clinical trials.Breast irradiation is an essential element of the conservative approach. Local recurrence risk after surgery alone reaches 35%, compared to 10% in patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy [1]. First, the whole breast is irradiated using external beam technique, usually with a dose of 50Gy. Subsequently it is necessary to increase the dose delivered to the tumour bed using a so called “boost”.

In this paper, Barlase, a semiconductor laser diode emulation tool, is used to emulate the by-emitter degradation analysis of high power semiconductor laser diodes. Barlase is a software that uses a LabView control interface. We have already demonstrated how Barlaseworks using a hypothetical laser diode bar (multiple emitters) to validate the usefulness of the tool. It should however, be noted that, this scenario is valid for devices at the start of the aging process only. This scenario was investigated to demonstrate Barlase as follows: curved temperature (smile) profile with maximum temperature at the centre of the bar. The result of this simulation scenario shows the successful implementation of Barlase in the by-emitter analysis of laser diodes.

The present study highlights the job satisfaction of indigenous women who work at the beauty parlors in Bangladesh. The study consists of 240 sample indigenous women workers of different beauty parlors situated in six divisional towns of Bangladesh. Judgment sampling technique was used to select the stated sample. A structured interview form was used to collect data from the indigenous women beauty parlor workers by using 27 factors to measure their job satisfaction. The study found that six factors which are ‘the salary/wage paid by the beauty parlor is satisfactory’, ‘the beauty parlor authority provides money for sickness’, ‘there is no risk of sexual harassments while you are at the parlor’, ‘working condition like space, air, toilet etc. at the parlor is satisfactory’, ‘you do not being looked down by the employer/customers because you are a indigenous’ and‘the beauty parlor authority allows to take leave during religious festival’ are significantly and positively correlated.

Free radicals produced on exposure to sunlight, Xrays, ozone, tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, environmental pollutants, and by several other physiological processes, are highly reactive and can damage nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates that subsequently affect the immune functioning causing degenerative diseases. In a normal cell there is an appropriate balance between prooxidant and antioxidants. When the level of pro-oxidants is increased in comparison to antioxidant, this state is termed as oxidative stress (OS). It is imposed on the cells due to increase in oxidant generation and decrease in antioxidants protection, resulting in failure in repair of oxidative damage. Exposure to pathogens, inappropriate lifestyle, excessive exercise, and by-products of normal metabolism are also contributing factors to OS. Reactive oxygen species are also responsible for DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) damages resulting in mutagenic changes that are responsible for several diseases. Oxidative stress deregulates the cellular functions leading to neuro-degenerative diseases, gastroduodenal pathogenesis, some kinds of cancer, cataracts, premature aging, inflammation, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction. It may also influence the immune system either by hyper-excision to cause autoimmune disorder, or suppress it, resulting in the high susceptibility to infection. Owing to increased safety concerns about synthetic antioxidants, exploitation of safer antioxidants based on natural origin is the focus of research nowadays, and the present study has hallmarked the same. In this manuscript, therapeutic worth of various constituents including antioxidants of natural products viz. garlic, soyabean, gooseberry, broccoli, spirulina and aloevera have been delineated precisely.

The experiment designed to investigate the various body parameters of African Giant Land Snail and their relationships was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti state University, Ado – Ekiti between 21st of November 2011 and 2nd of January 2012 using a total of 182 snails of four different age groups defined as >2 years; >1year<2years; >6months < 1 year and <6months. The variables examined include whole weight, whorl number, whorl length and shell opening. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses using SPSS statistical package. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between age and all the parameters investigated except whorl number in all the age groups. The correlation between age and whorl length showed that there was significant effect (p < 0.05) among the variables. A negative correlation between the whorl number and shell opening (-0.14) was recorded. The regression of whole weight on whorl length and shell opening were highly significant (p<0.01) with R2 values of 0.67 in both cases while the regression of whole weight on whorl number was significant (p<0.05) with R2 value of 0.19. Conclusively, age and weight of African Giant Snail have significant effects on the body measurements..

Capabilities and facilities in urban areas have developed through the past of several years. The appearance of these capabilities and facilities has come out through the cost of financial, human and environmental. Mere attention to physical, skeletal and population and ignorance social factors in many of the previous studies has caused the failure of them. The purpose of the present study is assessment of the social capacity of Dehdasht city quarters. The method of the study is analytical-scale and has been conducted according to documentary and library research. The data and information include related features and criteria according to assessment of the capability and capacity of social life in Dehdasht city quarters like identity and place belonging, cooperation, security, dynamicity and vitality, variety and social diversity and increasing the density through the model of ELECTRE. According to the purpose of the research winch is the assessment and selection of the best quarter, four quarters were chosen from different parts of the city. The results showed that the old quarters were superior than the other ones and this fact refers to vitality and dynamicity of life as the results of relationship among different neighbors and place belonging, residents cooperation in the quarter affairs and social variety in the construction of the old quarters. The other places were given to the approximate new, middle and new quarters which results from the lack of identity and lack of belonging in relation to the other quarters