Five reaction schemes are suggested for the initiated nonbranched-chain addition of free radicals to the multiple bonds of the unsaturated compounds. The proposed schemes include the reaction competing with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in these schemes involves three or four types of free radicals. One of them is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. Based on the suggested schemes, nine rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using quasi-steady-state treatment. These equations provide good fits for the nonmonotonic (peaking) dependences of the formation rates of the molecular products (1:1 adducts) on the concentration of the unsaturated component in binary systems consisting of a saturated component (hydrocarbon, alcohol, etc.) and an unsaturated component (olefin, allyl alcohol, formaldehyde, or dioxygen). The unsaturated compound in these systems is both a reactant and an autoinhibitor generating low-reactive free radicals. A similar kinetic description is applicable to the nonbranched-chain process of the free-radical hydrogen oxidation, in which the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoingibitor (or an antioxidant). The energetics of the key radical-molecule reactions is considered.

Effective utilization of bandwidth and storage space is important in imaging applications including remote sensing. Remote sensing applications use multi-sensory, multi-band, multi resolution images. Usually, remote sensing applications uses image classification results for their analysis and decision making. In this paper we propose a new JPEG based image compression algorithm based on zooming-shrinking technique. Proposed algorithm performance is evaluated in relation to standard JPEG algorithm. In order to envisage the effect of compression on classification performance, Maximum Likelihood, Mahalanobis and Minimum distance classifiers performance is evaluated with original image data, standard JPEG compressed data and the compressed image data with the proposed method. Experiments are carried out with multi-band images with various resolutions. Our experiments supports that the classification accuracies of compressed images are at par with original image data.

This study based to assess the livestock holders’ vulnerability to climate change across four agro ecological regions of Nepal. Altogether 240 households, 60 from each agro ecological region, were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data were collected through household survey and Focus Group Discussion using structured and pre tested questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Integrated vulnerability approach based on the Principle Components Analysis to create vulnerability indices to conduct a comparative analysis of vulnerability at the regional levels. The results reveals that the farmers were aware of climate change. The result shows that livestock holders from the fragile warm temperate mountainous region are more vulnerable because of greater exposure to climatic induced hazards, catastrophe, and low adaptive capacity results from highly pauper economic condition, with limited access to basic services, assets, and poor infrastructure. Based on the results, measures to prioritize and target the vulnerable livestock holders for awareness creating activities and of off farm employment opportunities is recommended to enhance their adaptive capacity.

The reasons for nuisance tripping of residual current devices (RCD) are analyzed in the article and the affect of many external factors is discussed. Solutions are described for avoiding faulty tripping of an RCD.

Financial Intermediation, as a process involves the transformation of mobilized deposits liabilities by financial intermediaries such as banks into bank assets or credits such as loans and overdraft. This paper seeks to analyze empirically the trends in Financial Intermediation and Output (GDP) in Nigeria from the banking crises period beginning from 1981 to 2011. In doing so, the study used the endogenous components of financial intermediation such as Demand Deposits (DD), Time/Savings deposits (T/Sav) and Credits (Loans and Overdraft) as explanatory variables to predict the outcome of our dependent variable Output (GDP). Data were sourced from CBN statistical Bulletin, 2011 and regression estimation was carried out using IBM SPSS statistics 20. The findings suggests that though there exist a positive growth relationship between financial intermediation and output in Nigeria, there also exist elements of negative short-run growth relationship, especially for the periods that suffered financial shocks resulting from the global financial crisis and perhaps, numerous bank failures. These findings may serve to buttress existing research outcomes and will be relevant to regulatory authorities in formulating policies that are capable of positively enhancing financial intermediation and output growth in the economy.

Migration of doctors in Romania still continues today producing a range of long-term social, economic and demographic effects. Current data on the migration of these specialists from our country shows a negative trend, therefore according to the figures offered by the College of Physicians in Romania, only since 2007 10,000 doctors have chosen to work in the West, and 400 submit applications monthly to the Ministry of Health. This paper brings to the attention issues related to the scale of the Romanian medical migration. For this purpose, we used different statistical data provided by specialized institutions in the country and abroad, information provided by the media, the results of studies published in the field. The goal is a better understanding of the dimensions of the phenomenon, for which the analysis is completed by means of the interactionist and interpretative method according the constructivist perspective. The results obtained in this study consist of the discolure of certain current issues followed by the presentation of social effects and social, economic and demographic dimensions of the Romanian medical system from the perspective of medical migration

An efficient method for the preparation of novel 1,3,4-trisubstituted 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been described. Using this method, various pyrazole were synthesized from eugenol, a major phenolic constituent of clove bud essential oil, as dipolarophilic system and N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonitrilimine: the (Z)-ethyl 2-bromo-2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-hydrazono)acetate.

Two main problems in wireless communications are, limited available spectrum and inefficiency in the spectrum allocation policy. These problems lead to the blocking of both initial and hand-off calls. Cognitive radio (CR) offers solution by utilizing the spectrum holes in space without introducing an unacceptable fear of harmful interference for the primary user and also solves the spectrum inefficiency and spectrum scarcity problem. Spectrum allocation scheme is proposed in two phases. In the first phase, a collision between two calls for spectral band allocation is resolved. In second phase, spectral band allocation among a number of calls is considered. The main objective is to minimize the forced termination of hand-off calls and to achieve opportunistic spectrum channel allocation by assigning different priority levels to different calls.

Spatial multiplexing (SM), which employs multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver end, has recently been shown to be one of the most promising technologies in future wireless communication systems. In this paper analysis of high level modulations (i.e. M-PSK for different values of M) is done. Here AWGN and Rayleigh channels have been used for analysis purpose and their effect on BER for high data rates have been presented. The signal detection technique used at receiver end is Zero-Forcing Equalization (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square estimator (MMSE) (linear detection techniques).

The advancement of cyber technology completely depends on how conveniently we use it. Many people deceived in different ways in our current cyber system. We can prosper ourselves through the utilization of this internet technology. However any country can improve their online security through improving cyber system. On the other hand it may cause precarious outcome if it is incorrectly handled by any unplanned administration. An appropriate mechanism can move forward our cyber world with a safer e-biosphere. The purpose of this paper is to propose an idea that will ensure security and justice in cyber world. This idea proposes to diminish all types of anarchy from the cyber space by ensuring authentic identification to every internet user; securing website browsing; preventing any kind of fraud as well as guarantee truth and justice in the online world.