An academic library plays a vital role in order to contribute to its users in an efficient and effective manner to satisfy their thirst of knowledge as well as in our information society. They help to connect people with the ever changing world of information. This article investigates satisfactory level of undergraduates of Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce with the facilities offered by the main library, University of Jaffna. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure the satisfaction on the statements relating to four dimensions with a sample of 202 students. Mean analysis reflects that students were relatively most satisfied with competence of library staff, followed by information sources, library environment and library general services. According to the regression analysis, library facilities have an impact on undergraduate satisfaction at the rate of 20.1 % which is significant at 0.05 levels.

The current treatise is an attempt to unveil the phonological nature of sound change and to trace the extent to which the sound change is patterned and functioned via the historical and contextual developments of Basrah Arabic. Language change is generally attributed to three major factors: “syntagmatic change”, “paradigmatic or associative change” and “social change”. The facts and factors that underline the sound change can possibly be accounted for as to which theories have been propped. The most prominent of which are performance theories and competence theories.

Thirty one genotypes of clusterbean collected from various sources were assessed for genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 technique. The genetic material exhibited wide range of genetic diversity for all the characters investigated and grouped into 3 different clusters. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster I indicated that genotypes are having diverse genetic architecture. The intercluster distance was high between cluster II and cluster III, this indicated wide range of variability among clusters. The percent contribution towards genetic diversity was high for pod yield per hectare (26.02) followed by pod length (18.06) and plant height (14.62). On the basis of intercluster distance and per se performance observed in the present study a hybridization programme involving genotypes for a specific character has been chosen using cluster mean.

This paper attempts to look at the Niger Delta Crisis from a socio-politico-ecological perspective. By way of deductive reasoning premised on the theory of existentialism, the paper observes that the restiveness, violence as well as criminality of the people of the Niger Delta represent their desperate struggle for self-preservation and ‘selfdetermination’ in an environment that is indifferent and hostile to their sustainable livelihood and survival. The paper thus submits quite pessimistically that the Niger Delta crisis will prevail, until and unless the organic context which precipitates it (characterized by ecocide, state predation, corporate buccaneerism, environmental and human rights abuse, socioeconomic and political marginalization, economic expl:oitation etc.) is comprehensively and adequately transformed.

In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes can move freely and link/node failures occur frequently. This leads to frequent network partitions, which may significantly degrade the performance of data access in ad hoc networks. When the network partition occurs, mobile nodes in one network are not able to access data hosted by nodes in other networks. In mobile ad hoc network, some nodes may selfishly decide only to cooperate partially, or not at all, with other nodes. These selfish nodes could then reduce the overall data accessibility in the network. In this work, the impact of selfish nodes in a mobile ad hoc network from the perspective of replica allocation is examined. We term this selfish replica allocation. A combined credit risk method & collaborative watchdog is proposed to detect the selfish node and also apply the SCF tree based replica allocation method to handle the selfish replica allocation appropriately. The proposed method improves the data accessibility, reduces communication cost and average query delay and also to reduce the detection time and to improve the accuracy of watchdogs in the collaborative method.

This paper proposes six new estimators of the population ratio (R) of the population means of two variables (y and x) in Simple Random Sampling (SRS) scheme, using a variable transformation of the auxiliary variable, x. Properties of the proposed estimators, including optimality conditions, are derived up to first order approximation, and conditions under which the proposed estimators perform better than the customary ratio estimator ( ) are also obtained. The results are supported with empirical illustrations, which show that some of the proposed estimators have relatively large gains in efficiency over the customary ratio estimator, for the data set considered.

The profile of the employees since globalization has undergone changes. The demographic studies show the influence of generation X in near future. The profile analysis of the workforce is useful in understanding the psychological, sociological and economic composition. The Human Resource processes and systems are influenced by the profile of the employees. A study was undertaken by administering a questionnaire on 570 female and 358 male employees who belong to 13 public sector and 5 private sector organizations in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The sex and sector-wise analysis is presented on personal factors such as age, religion and caste, marital status, structure of the family, housing, migration, urbanization, education, job position and experience, income and unionization to know the profiles of the industrial female, male, public and private sector employees.

The dichotomy rallying behind the concepts of push and pull dimensions in the tourism paradigm with their underlying formulations are systematically analyzed. The factors relating to various forces that are motivating the tourist for travelling to different destinations are investigated along with role and influence of the cognitive mind by probing into traditional scriptures followed by systematic field surveys. The results of these studies indicated that motive motivation construct is corresponding to the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs tending towards actualization of travel experiences. The travel path from origin based push factors along with those forces which are pulling a tourist to the destination is conceptualized by design and development of a double engine locomotive resulting in dual stimulus curve. This stimulus is studied by analyzing the foreign and domestic tourist data that are found to be corresponding to the personal place bond and nationality for a given cultural context which explained tourism trends. Contrary to the popular belief in tourism literature, the present findings go on to show that both the organs-of-perception and organs-of-activity are to be in unison without any dissonance for realizing the maximum travel experiences.

The word ‘Job’ term as a regular activity performed in exchange for payment is considered as one of the most important activities for many families worldwide .Evaluation is necessary when more than one opportunity come to an To fulfill their desired goal, it is the ‘evaluation’ which assesses among the factors. In addition, it is difficult to measure qualitative factors in a quantitative way, resulting incomplete-ness in data and hence, uncertainty. Besides it is essential to address the subject of uncertainty by using apt methodology; otherwise, the decision to choose a job will become inapt. There exist many methods name as Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), Analytical Network Process (ANP) and so on. But the mentioned methods are not suitable to address the subject of uncertainty and hence, resulting inappropriate selection to the expecting job. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the application of a novel method named Evidential Reasoning (ER), which is capable of addressing the uncertainty of multi-criterion problem, where there exist factors of both subjective and objective nature. The ER method handles uncertainties by using a belief structure is aggregating degrees of belief from lower level factors to higher level factors.

The histostructure of fish liver from Sitnica river was studied in order to detect the effects of pollution of Sitnica River in Kosovo.Fish (n=21) were sampled during March-May and August-September of 2010-2012 from sites Ferizaj, Vragoli and Plemetin (Sitnica River). The morphological alterations in the liver were mainly more degenerative in fish from Vragoli and Plementin polluted sites than Ferizaj one. Ferizaj is source of the river site, so it is less contaminated than the two other sites. Fish liver histopathology is a good bioindicator and can be used for detection of chemical pollution in fish. Based on results of our research we can conclude that “Sitnica” River is polluted river mainly by industrial and urban discharge of liquid waste products.