Unstructured peer-to-peer file sharing networks are very popular in the market. Which they introduce Large network traffic. The resultant networks may not perform search efficiently and effectively because used overlay topology formation algorithms are creating unstructured P2P networks are not performs guarantees. In this paper, we choosen the square-root topology, and show that this topology. Which improves routing performance compared to power-law networks. In the square-root topology shows that this topology is optimal for random walk searches. A power-law topology for other types of search techniques besides random walks. Then we interoduced a decentralized algorithm for forming a square-root topology, its effectiveness in constructing efficient networks using both simulations and experiments with our prototype. Results show that the square-root topology can provide a good and the best performance and improvement over power-law topologies and other topology types.

This paper focus on a finger typed electrode based electro-optical photo mixing demodulator. This device is fabricated on high resistivity silicon in custom technology. The main performance indicatorssuch as DC characteristics, DC and AC demodulation contrast and phase-linearity measurement of a test sample are experimentally characterized. Experimental results exhibit a good DC charge separation and good dynamic demodulation capabilities from 100Hz to 30MHz.The average linearity error of finger typed electrode device for square wave 4.09% has been measured. The dependency of the device performance on modulation frequency and voltage is also discussed.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the persistence of bank asset quality on bank lending behaviour in Ghana. Data/Methodology: Using a dataset from the Bank of Ghana for 25 Ghanaian banks from 2005 to 2010, the study employed a random effects (RE) model with AR(1) and heteroskedastic disturbances to test the relationship between bank lending behaviour proxied as the ratio loans and advances to total asset and bank asset quality (ratio of nonperforming loans to gross loans and advances) while controlling for deposit mobilization, equity, management efficiency, intermediation spread and income diversification. Findings: The empirical estimation found that the effect of the deterioration of bank asset quality (high levels of non-performing loans) on bank lending behaviour is persistence and not contemporaneous. Additionally, bank deposit mobilization, intermediation spread and equity were also found to influence bank lending behaviour. Originality/Value: This paper is the first study to examine the persistence impact of the three classes of asset quality on bank intermediation functions in Ghana.

Malay world is an area in Southeast Asia that has trade tradition during Islam entered and established. With the arrival of Islam, the region of the Malay world has become the focal point of trade for merchants from all over the world. Islamic trading centers have spread into many areas of the Malay world; from Pasai (now known as Lhokseumawe, in North Aceh) and Aceh (now known as Banda Aceh) on the east to Celebes and Ternate in the west, from Patani in Southern Thailand and Sulu in Phlippineson the North until Banten, Ceribon and Kudus in Indonesia on the South. These trade centers have dominated economic and trade route in Southeast Asia. The arrival of Islam in the region has been able to grow old port towns as well as emergence of new port cities until becoming influential and important trade center.

E. toreliana is a distinct aromatic plant with several medicinal applications to cure many ailments. Chemistry and medicinal potentials of the seed essential oil of Eucalyptus toreliana F. Muell grown in Nigeria were examined in this study. The phytochemical composition of the seed essential oil was evaluated using multidimensional GCxGC-MS, MS and FT-IR. The seed oil was also investigated for its total phenolic content, antioxidant and acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials. Analyses of the seed essential oil extract resulted in the identification of 70 compounds representing 98.53 % of the oil. α-Pinene (16.0%), Copaene (10.0%), 1R-α-Pinene (8.0%), DL-Pinene (8.0%), β-trans- Ocimene (5.0%), α-Bisabolol oxide B (5.0%), Oleamide (5.0%) and Globulol (4.0%) were detected as the major components accounted for 65% of the oil. The total phenolics content of the seed oil of E. toreliana was estimated as 191.68±0.0006 μgmg-1 GAE. The results of DPPH and FRAP antioxidant showed that the oil possessed strong free radical scavenging and reducing potentials with IC50 9.0 μgml-1 each in both methods. No sign of toxicity was noticed in the rats which indicate that the seed oil was relatively non-toxic and safe. The oil at 1000 μgkg-1 (p.o.) gave 99.61% significant inhibition of paw edema. In the antinociceptive assay the oil inhibited the licking time by 88.69% and 75.90% in first phase (neurogenic pain) and second phase (inflammatory pain) respectively. These results showed that the seed essential oil of E. toreliana possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, which provided an initial scientific validation of the seed essential oil as a phytotherapeutic agent against reactive oxidative, nociceptive and inflammatory processes.

NA

This paper reports on findings from a research project that reflected upon the effectiveness of the undergraduate dissertation process of Final-year HND students in the Takoradi Polytechnic Business Programs. The research adopted a quantitative methodology and gathered the perspectives of students involved in the HND undergraduate dissertation process. Questionnaires were used to collect the data, which were assessed against the research outcomes that were reviewed. The outcomes of the reflection provide a reference for ongoing dissertation with the aim to ensure an effective HND undergraduate dissertation process or abolishing of dissertation as part of partial fulfillment for the HND Certificate for Business Undergraduate Students. The study surveyed 500 students and reviewed 100 dissertations of Business students in the dissertation module. Descriptive statistics were used for the survey and review. The findings revealed that the HND dissertation is ineffective because it lacks the quality standard of an undergraduate dissertation.

An experiment was conducted to know the effect of commercial storage conditions and packaging material on seed quality of chickpea Cv.JG11. The graded seeds were packed in three containers viz. gunny bag, polylined gunny bag (PLGB) and high density polythene bag (HDPE) and stored under two different storage conditions viz., ambient and commercial cold storage condition(temperature of 5-7 0C and 65-70 % RH) with initial seed moisture content less than eight percent and seeds were treated with thiram@ 2g/kg seed before storage. The different observations viz seed moisture content, germination (%), vigour index, electrical conductivity of the seed leachets, insect damage (%), incidence of seed borne diseases were recorded by following procedures prescribed by ISTA. The results revealed that the seeds stored in commercial cold storage (5-7 0 c + 65-70% RH) and packed in polylined gunny bag recorded higher seed germination (88.7%), vigour index (2799), seedling dry weight (430 mg), lower insect damage (1.7%), seed infection (4.5%), Electrical conductivity (0.25micromohs/ cm) after 22 months of storage. Hence commercial cold storage structures can be effectively used for maintaining seed quality of chickpea during storage.

In this study a simple rectangular beam has been analyzed. For simplicity two dimensional plane strain problem is considered. The beam is fixed at the left and right edges of the bottom surface. Uniformly distributed load is applied along the length of the beam. A new formulation, known as displacement potential function formulation has been used here. Stresses and displacements at different sections along the length and depth of the beam have been plotted and discussed. The curves are found to be in complete conformity with the available literature and physical condition of the beam. The present literature reveals that the fixed connections of the beam are extremely critical regions and have the highest probability to fail.

The modern science mainly treats the biochemical basis of sequencing in bio-macromolecules and processes in medicine and biochemistry. One can ask weather the language of biochemistry is the adequate scientific language to explain the phenomenon in that science. Is there maybe some other language, out of biochemistry, that determines how the biochemical processes will function and what the structure and organization of life systems will be? The research results provide some answers to these questions. They reveal to us that the process of sequencing in bio-macromolecules is conditioned and determined not only through biochemical, but also through cybernetic and information principles. Many studies have indicated that analysis of protein sequence codes and various sequence-based prediction approaches, such as predicting drug-target interaction networks (He et al., 2010), predicting functions of proteins (Hu et al., 2011; Kannan et al., 2008), analysis and prediction of the metabolic stability of proteins (Huang et al., 2010), predicting the network of substrate-enzyme-product triads (Chen et al., 2010), membrane protein type prediction (Cai and Chou, 2006; Cai et al., 2003; Cai et al., 2004), protein structural class prediction (Cai et al., 2006; Ding et al., 2007), protein secondary structure prediction (Chen et al., 2009; Ding et al., 2009b), enzyme family class prediction (Cai et al., 2005; Ding et al., 2009a; Wang et al., 2010), identifying cyclin proteins (Mohabatkar, 2010), protein subcellular location prediction (Chou and Shen, 2010a; Chou and Shen, 2010b; Kandaswamy et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2010), among many others as summarized in a recent review (Chou, 2011), can timely provide very useful information and insights for both basic research and drug design and hence are widely welcome by science community. The present study is attempted to develop a novel sequence-based method for studying insulin in hopes that it may become a useful tool in the relevant area