This study gives an insight to how a leader can strategically gain competitive advantage in the targeted institute ie International Islamic University, Islamabad. After in depth interviews with the faculty members and other stakeholders along with observation, the situation seemed unpromising in terms of competitive uplift. The scenario explained is by the concept of the market of lemons where lemons don’t permit plums to survive as they are endangered by their talent. Few plums who manage to reach the top are also unaware of the real plums present down inside due to imperfect information provided by majority of threatened lemons. Terminology used for lemons is skilled incompetence as their focus is more on political networking and not on performance. However, the role of a strategic leader can bring a change since competing institutes are in no better position. IIUI unlike others had a strategic theme line but deviation to a popular trend is where the problems initiated. Revising the focus has become mandatory for key position holders who hold the power to take decisions. Suggestions also indicate how the problem of job security can be resolved which promotes political grouping and few propositions are given of how a leader must initiate change in the organization.

Advertisements create an image and symbolic appeal of the product or service brand. Different appeals enhance effectiveness of advertisements that evokes some emotional reaction in viewer’s mind. Advertisers often believe that positive emotional message directly stimulates the customer toward the use of the brand while negative emotional message will give the same result but by an alternative route. It is often a question of discussion that by what extent this negative emotional message is stimulating the customers to buy a particular brand. Even though it works, its impact is always questioned on the basis of nature of customer and type of product category for which it has been used. Measure the effect of some of the selected. This article discuss have negative emotional and measure effect on Women in selected FMCG product’s advertisements.

An experimental investigation has been conducted to study the mechanical as well as micro structural properties of Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with uncoated and Geopolymer / Cement coated recycled aggregate exposed to elevated temperature. Fly ash (as replacement of cement) was added while making concrete. Cubes test specimens were prepared and cured under water for 28 days. Test specimens were exposed to different levels of temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC ) for a period of6 hours in the muffle furnace. The reduction in compressive strength was observed are in the ranges from 23.4%to as high as 50.3% when exposed to different elevated temperature. MIP (Mercury intrusion porosimetry ) test was conducted to estimate the pore diameter andalso to appreciate the change of total pore volume due tochange of exposure temperature. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) study was also done to appreciate the micro-structural change in recycled aggregate concrete.

Vitamin and Mineral contents of five indigenous spices common in Nigeria were investigated. The spices include: ‘bailo’ (Uapaca guineense); ‘atarko’ (Zanthoxyllus zanthoxyloides); ‘amilo’ (Parinari excelsa); ‘uburo’ (Afromomum danelli) and ‘clove’ (Syzygium aromaticum). These samples are processed into fine flour, ashed at 5500c and later subjected to wet digestion using nitric sulphuric and perchloric acid. The mineral contents in mg/1 for iron, ranged from 0.99 (S.aromaticum) to 4.42 (U.guineense); zinc 1.24 (P.excelsa) to 3.81 (Uguineense); calcium 12.45 (Z.Zanthoxyloides) to 20.60 (A.danelli); magnesium 16.91 (P.excelsa) to 44.78 (A.danelli); potassium 48.97 (P.excelsa) to 153.66 (A.danelli); Sodium 64.77 (Z.Zanthoxyloides) to 155.70 (P.excelsa). The phosphorus contents for all the samples studied was insignificant. The data obtained for vitamin A showed that Z.Zanthoxyloides had the highest value (3.84 IU) and S.aromaticum the least (0.26 IU); while no value was detected for U.guineense and P.excelsa. Vitamin C contents also was highest for S.aromaticum (31.73/100g) and least for A.danelli (5.55mg/100g). These spices however can serve as mineral and vitamin supplements. The samples studied had good storage properties since they exhibited moisture content below 20%.

The dual source computed tomography (DSCT) setup has been developing in the central and has potential for use as anon-invasive tool for determining the time averaged cross section of multiphase domain. The two sources used in (DSCT) setup are located inside source collimator device (SCD) to collimate the beam to give it a fan shape. The count rate of un-attenuated photons will be measured by two sets of detectors. Radiation shielding is based on the principle of attenuation, which is the ability to reduce a wave’s or ray’s effect by blocking or bouncing particles through a barrier material. Charged particles may be attenuated by losing energy to reactions with electrons in the barrier, while gamma radiation is attenuated through scattering, or pair production. . Calculated results showed a substantial convergence with the real measurement values of dose rates especially in the common points.

This paper proposes that corruption results from particular historical and socialconditions. Specifically, it sustains that the stability and credibility of a society’s institutional system, the perception of a shared fate by most members of society, the levels of inequality and the perception of fair opportunities for personal progress are all elements that may deter or promote corruption. In order to show the association between these social conditions and corruption we analyse socially and historically the way that state agents such as the police, members of the judiciary and the political system relate to each other and to normal citizens. Although the examples are taken from the argentine context, they constitute a tool to understand, heuristically, why corruption is prominent in many parts of the underdeveloped world.

Transportation in Lagos State, Nigeria is a major challenge that over the years had called for serious attention. Every attempt at solution seems to compound it. We conducted a review of the literature in the area of BRT systems to identify and subsequently classify their major aspects, and determine their linkages and trade-offs. Also, we developed from a theoretical point of view the basis of the BRT deployment planning framework, followed by collecting the necessary data to exercise the framework in the context of a site-specific case study (Lagos State). We adopted a system optimization approach in order to assist transit agency to decide on optimal deployment strategy to employ. The study reveals that the deployment of BRT systems relative to an array of factors ranging from large, small and sitespecific cases among other things do not only ameliorate the challenge of transportation but also in a way attempted to do justice to the first MDG agenda of attainment of low-pollution Green House Gases (GHG). Also, reveals that ticketing system needs a radical approach to curb timeloss occasioned by validation of purchased tickets.

In the current competitive business environment many factors can influence on firms Survival, but the most important factors those senior managers focus are service quality, customer`s satisfaction and cash flow, it is aimed to simulate these factors in a company. In most situation a company have good amount of potential customers who order for the first produce line, but inventory is not enough to answers all orders, hence back orders and lost orders comes up. Lost orders will effects on market and companies market share directly, back orders will gradually effect on companies market share and directly play a role on supply chain planning. On the other hand products price will cause a big change on orders which effects on income. And presumably the annual expenses and tax will change. This illustrates the Company cash flow and the credit which it can invest on getting loans. In this paper, it is tried to simulate all this parts, therefore the model is formed of three parts: customers satisfactory, orders and service quality and cash flow.

Clustering technique is one of the most important and basic tool for data mining. Cluster algorithms have the ability to detect clusters with irregular boundaries, minimum spanning tree-based clustering algorithms have been widely used in practice. In such clustering algorithms, the search for nearest objects in the construction of minimum spanning trees is the main source of computation and the standard solutions take O(N2) time. In this paper, we present a fast minimum spanning tree-inspired clustering algorithm, which, by using an efficient implementation of the cut and the cycle property of the minimum spanning trees, can have much better performance than O(N2).

Aim : To study the curative effect of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts in CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in male rats. Methods : The dried powder of S. mukorossi & R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. The curative effect of the extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and rhizomes of R. emodi was studied using CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in male rats. Biochemical parameters including serum transaminases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were analyzed. The biochemical findings were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. Results: Extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) protected the rats from CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis as judged from histopathological evidences and serum marker enzyme activities. Conclusion: We can conclude from this study, that the extracts’ of S. mukorossi and R. emodi can cure the CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in male rats.