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The formal education in Nepal starts from pre-primary level to higher secondary level. The primary level consists of grades I to V. Any student who leaves school for any reason before graduation or completion of a program of studies without transferring to another elementary or secondary school is considered as primary school dropout. Objectives of the study are to find out the primary school completion rate and causes of dropout in primary schools of Chitwan and Nawalparasi district of Nepal. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in fifteen schools in each district during the period of June / July, 2010. In grade I, the maximum dropout rate was found to be 16.49% in the year 2008. For the girls, the highest dropout rate (9.96%) was observed in grade I and least dropout rate (3.94%) observed in grade V for the year 2009. From the cohort study, only 48.99% of primary school children enrolled in grade I have completed the primary education in five successive years.
“Internationalizing” the curriculum is a pivotal objective of most U.S. business schools; a common internationalization initiative is to encourage business students to participate in Study Abroad programs. Our survey of 1300 undergraduate business students indicates that students are well aware of the benefits of Study Abroad, but that perceived obstacles to participation vary significantly according to different class levels (freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors). The findings suggest that as Study Abroad initiatives mature, targeted strategies should be used to promote Study Abroad to undergraduate business students. We suggest strategies to engage students during each of four phases over a business student’s university career: an “initiation” phase a "reinforcement” phase, a “diversified experiences” phase and a "career enhancement" phase.
While Sayyid Qutb is an acclaimed Islamist and leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, that he has not been fully understood is confirmed by the persistent view that he laid the foundation for the prevailing ‘Islamic terror and Islamist fundamentalism’ all over the globe. Though there is a panoply of works that have attempted to explain and clarify this misunderstanding of Qutb’s Islamic revivalism and reformism through a study of his writings and works yet the argument that his Islamic revivalism added to his zeal for rejecting modernity, leading to ‘Islamic terror and Islamist fundamentalism’ leaves some questions such as how did he move from a pure social justice crusader to an Islamist, why did he hate America, does his work provide inspiration for Islamic militancy, fundamentalism and terrorism etc and did his childhood upbringing, education, works and Islamic revivalism give insight into the so-called phenomenon of ‘Islamic terrorism still begging for answers.
This paper attempts to quantify the impact of emotional intelligence on self efficacy of nursing staff in Pakistan. The construct of EI is in the spot light, for a decade or so, therefore its importance is highlighted through various publications of world renowned management scholars. The method of linear regression is used to fulfill the above significantly positive relation, among the constructs considered.
Due to the advancement of Web 2.0 technologies, a large volume of Web opinions is available on social media sites such as Web forums and Weblogs. These technologies provide a platform for Internet users around the world to communicate with each other and express their opinions. Web opinions are short and sparse text messages with noisy content. In this paper, we are using a sparse matrix representation for web opinions and defining a preprocess way for it. Here, we are proposing an algorithm for matrix generation from vector of thread’s. Due to this representation, we use opinions in efficient way.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of innovative teaching strategies on the performance of students of grade 1. The experiment was done on the teaching of science subject to the students of grade 1. A sample of 50 students (boys and girls) was selected randomlyout of the population of 100 students in grade 1 from anEnglish medium school of Islamabad. Two groups of 25 students each were made. Pre-test of General Science was given to both the groups and the results were recorded. One group was taken as a control group which was taught science by the teacher who used conventional method of teaching while the other i.e the experimental group was taught by the teacher who used innovative teaching techniques. After one month’s time of teaching, a post-test was conducted.
The domestic prices of traded goods in an open economy are a function of international prices and the levied tariff rates. The key question arising here is whether the domestic prices can be “estimated” from the information on international prices and the tariff rates given that the later two independent variables are determined out of the system? Some authors have “estimated” domestic prices from international prices and the tariff rates. However the estimation of domestic prices in such way has presented inaccurate estimates. Present study is an attempt to correct such failing in case of domestic prices of milk and wheat and strived to calculate instead of estimating the domestic prices in presence of two independently determined variables i.e. tariff rates and international prices.
In this paper, a pre-feasibility study of using PV-based hybrid energy system to provide electricity to a residential area in west coast of Turkey is examined. The selected case study represents a power demand of 12.6kWh day-1 with a 2.9 kW peak power demand. The power system used in this study contains diesel generator, grid connection and PV modules with backup storage. The energy system was redesigned and optimized as PV based in order to meet the existing user’s power demand at a minimum cost of energy. Temperature and solar radiation data obtained from Ege University meteorology station has been used in the simulation process through optimization software, HOMER. Three systems that were considered in this study area are stand-alone PV-diesel, stand-alone PV-battery and grid connected PV system. The proposed systems then were compared regarding on their operational characteristics and cost values. The comparisons prove that grid connected PV energy system had the lowest total net present cost and cost of energy, $53,197 and $0.57/kWh, respectively that makes it the most cost effective system and followed by PV-diesel and stand-alone PV-battery system. It can be concluded that the renewable-based system can become a favorable system without aid from the grid system and bring advantage in technical and economic point of view and also suitable to be applied in the residential application as energy supply if only the current cost of PV arrays and battery system technology have been reduced to its minimum rate.
This work evaluates the chemical and physic-chemical properties of moringa seed flour and oil. The moringa seed were divided into two portions. The first portion was milled into flout while the second portion was defatted using soxlet extraction method. The moringa cake was milled into flour. Proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional compositions were carried out on the flour samples while the physico-chemical properties of the oil were evaluated. The moisture content of the moringa seed cake was slightly higher than that of raw moringa flour. It ranged from 4.70-5.03% . The moringa seed cake also had higher values in the ash, crude fibre, protein and carbohydrate contents. The undefatted moringa seed flour had higher fat content of 45.84 %. Moringa cake flour had higher values in all the mineral contents determined. The phytate, oxalate and tannin contents of the defatted moringa seed flour were higher than the undefatted flour. Acid, peroxide and saponification values were 7.09 mg/g, 5.96 Meq/kg and 80.31 mg/g respectively. The lower iodine value signifies low degree of unsaturation and the lesser the liability of the oil to become rancid by oxidation. The defatted cake could be used in fortification of other food materials.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of uncertain etiology, it is the most common endocrinopathy in women and most common cause of anovulatery infertility, characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenemia. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of silymarin which is known to have antioxidant and insulin sensitivity effects on the levels of glucose, insulin, testosterone, leutinizing hormone(LH) and progesterone. Ovulation rate and Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin Resistance (HOMA) ratio were determined .A 3-months of treatment were conducted in 60 PCOS patients in three well-matched groups .The first one (n=20),received silymarin (750mg/day) . The second group received metformin (1500mg/day) while the third group treated by combination of metformin (1500mg/day )and silymarin (750mg/day). All these groups had taken the drugs in divided doses. The results showed significant improvement in all parameters at the end of treatment. The percentage of increment in progesterone levels after completion of treatment were 12.12, 15.9, and 17.51 in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively and the number of patients ovulated after 3 months of treatment were 4, 5, and 10 in groups 1,2, and 3 respectively. However they are more better in group of patients who were treated with combination of silymarin with metformin. In conclusion the addition of silymarin to metformin in treatment of PCOS patients has improving effect on disturbed hormones and ovulation rate.
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