In an attempt to reduce the poverty level of the populace especially the rural households, Nigerian government introduced poverty alleviation programme. One of the programmes is the introduction of micro-credit projects. This study therefore examined the impact of micro-credit projects on poverty alleviation among farming households in Imowo community in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun state, Nigeria. The study focused on the evaluation of community development as a result of the introduction of some micro-credit projects. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the respondent in the farming households. The information collected included the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents as well as the level of income of the beneficiaries before and after the micro-credit projects. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that 90 percent of the respondents were aged between 21 and 60 years while 80 percent of the household heads had formal education. Eighty six percent of the households had Child Dependency Ratio (CDR) of between 0.01 and 1.0 with 10 percent having zero CDR. The monthly expenditure analysis revealed that the Mean Per Adult Equivalent Household Expenditure (MPAEHE) ranged from N845.14 (US$5.63) for the first expenditure decile to N3,879.42 (US$25.86) for the tenth decile. However, the share of food in the total household expenditure was 64.5 percent for the first decile and 45.3 percent for the tenth decile. Meanwhile, a poverty line of N2,586.28 (US$17.24) was obtained for the study area and a sum of N1,586.53 (US$10.57) would be required to provide a food basket that will meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 69,000kcal per month. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is significant difference between the mean income of the beneficiaries before and after the micro-credit project (p<0.05). The study recommended that in as much that the project had positi

MTCMOS (Multi Threshold CMOS) technology provides a solution to the high performance and low power design requirements of modern designs. Low Vth and high Vth transistors are used in MTCMOS technology. Low Vth transistors are used to implement the desired functions. High Vth transistors are used to cut off the leakage current. The MTCMOS circuits ,however suffer from high energy overhead during the transitions between the active and stand by modes In this paper we (i) propose a new special flip flop which keeps a valid data during the sleep mode, (ii) develop a methodology which takes in to account the new design issues related to the MTCMOS technology. (iii).propose two adaptive MTCMOS schemes to address the growing leakage and delay spreads found in modern high performance designs. (IV) Propose a technique to lower the energy overhead during the transitions between the active and standby modes. The charge stored at the virtual lines is recycled during the active-to-sleep-to-active mode transitions with the proposed technique.

This study examined the demand for frog meat in Ondo State, Nigeria. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 consumers of frog meat. The tools of analysis were descriptive statistics like percentage, frequency distribution and tables; Regression analysis was also used to estimate the demand for frog meat and determine factors that influences same. The result of the analysis showed that 74% of the respondents are above 40 years of age, 82% married, 67% had family size of at least 6 and 76% claimed that frog meat is generally acceptable. The demand functions shows that the independent variables specified in the model accounted for 58.8% of the variability observed in the demand for frog meat. Furthermore, age (x1), family size (x4) and level of acceptability (x8) were significant at 5% level, implying that they have important implications for the demand for frog in the study area. This study recommends the heed for the populace to be educated on importance and nutritional implications of the consumption of frog meat.

Drug adulteration is commonly reported in Nigeria. Halofantrine purchased in four different locations in Ondo and Ekiti state, Nigeria were tested in mice for their comparative efficacy. The average parasite clearance time (PCT) were 4.4±0.49, 4.2±0.40, 4.4±0.80 and 4.2±0.75 for Halofantrine coded HAL-AK, HAL-IO, HAL-AD and HAL-IK respectively. Also, average parasite clearance rate (PCR) were 8653±2557, 6895±1010, 5426±1850 and 6226±1850 respectively. The result shows that there was no significant difference in the PCR (P>0.05) between the drugs. All the halofantrine drugscompletely cleared the parasites within 4-5 days. The results of this study indicates that adulteration of Halofantrine is not presently in circulation in areas of Ondo and Ekiti states, South Western Nigeria

Urinary schistosomiasis infection is one of the major public health problem facing developing countries with school age children at greater risk. Previous studies showed that Ogbese Ekiti is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. The impact of chemotherapy was evaluated using praziquantel (40mg/kg body weight) on S.heamatobium among school pupils in Ogbese- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Urine samples were collected between the hours of 7.00am and 10.00am. The number of eggs in 10ml of each urine sample was calculated from the mean of two counts. At baseline, one hundred and seventy two (172) pupils were screened for eggs of the S.heamatobium out of which 75.6% were positive with high egg intensity ranging between 40- 780 eggs/10ml of urine. Out of the one hundred and seventy two screened, thirty subjects with high egg intensity (440-780 eggs/10ml of urine) were treated with praziquantel in January 2009. After 10 days post treatment, the urine samples of the thirty subjects were negative for S.heamatobium. The subjects were monitored monthly for re-infection for seven consecutive months (February – August).Re-infection was first noticed in May.

Impacts of variation in agroclimatological indices and crop combination on growth and yield response of okra in mixtures with two sorghum cultivars and maize in a forestsavanna transition zone of Nigeria was investigated at the Experimental Research Farmland of the National Horticultural Research Institutes (NIHORT), Ibadan during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. Plants phenological stages formed the basic unit of time for the investigation. During these phenological stages, agroclimatological thermal and moisture indices were measured daily and processed into ten-day (decadal) averages likewise selected agronomic growth and yield parameters of the components crops were taken fortnightly. The results showed that the 2010 season crops had relatively longer growth duration, received more rainfall than 2009 season (692mm vs 487.2mm) while 2009 experienced warmer temperature during establishment and early vegetative stage than 2010 season ( 33.2°C vs 32°C), and (28.5°C vs 27 °C) during the reproductive phase for 2009 and 2010 season respectively. The mean pod yields of okra in both seasons were dependent on crop combination since pod yield in sorghum cultivars mixtures (Farin Dawa and Janare) (97.33 and 93.67 pods) was significantly higher than in maize mixtures (58.33 and 49.65 pods) in 2009 season likewise in 2010 season when okra pods in sorghum mixtures (Farin Dawa and Janare) had (309.67 and 232.33 pods) against (162.67 and 67 pods) in maize mixtures for the two sorghum cultivars. The lower pod yield in 2009 season can be attributed to a higher frequency of a 5-day dry spell during flowering stage which led to a condition of moisture deficient, reduced pollination or cause spikes to dry out and heavy flower abortion. Also, it took okra pods longer to reach marketable size in the 2009 season than 2010 season (i.e. 5-9 v. 2-6 days).

In the next sections I shall describe a ‘dynamic’ hypothetical learning path (DHLP) for the learning of the concept of parallelogram in geometry, which helped the students of the experimental team to raise their van Hiele levels. The design of the DHLP started with a ‘thought experiment’ with which I imagined a learning path for the understanding of the parallelograms, trying simultaneously to predict the reactions of students. I shall also describe the aims I had posed, as well as the points of the research process in which I changed the route of the path in order to introduce a new tool, due to students’ cognitive conflicts or other obstacles which occurred. Using examples, I will describe the research process and (a) the design and redesign of the DHLP through linking visual active representations and (b) the students’ competence in the mental or verbal decoding of these representations and in using the tools that affect their development of the thinking levels. Finally, I shall extend the conceptual framework of Linking Visual Active Representations to introduce what arises from the research process.

Now a days the use of stable, reliable, economical, secure and efficient electrical paper drastically increasing in many sectors but the generated power in not being supported as much as increasing demand. The voltage stability plays major role in power system environment to meet the required demand. In this paper presents the phenomena of voltage stability in power system in which it reviews various reasons for voltage instability, types of voltage stability, characteristic of voltage stability, voltage control methods in power system environment, factors affecting voltage instability and collapse, scenario of voltage collapse and characteristics of reactive compensating devices are primarily discussed. It also reviews overview of major FACTS controllers, types of FACTS controllers, applications of FACTS controllers and their use in power system environment are discussed briefly.

In contemporary Australian drama, quite often family is represented as a portrait of the nation as a whole. The intimate family scenes are integrated with the larger political themes of strong contemporary relevance like Australian race relations, exploitation of women and the fragmentation of black families through state policies to which many contemporary Aboriginal people are heirs. The present paper analyses that how Radiance, an internationally acclaimed play by one of the famous Australian playwrights, Louis Nowra exposes the secret history of Australia’s black and white sexual relationships and the fate of mixed-race individuals and their status in contemporary white Australia. The play, an emotional story of the inter-personal relationships of three half-caste sisters, Mae, Cressy, and Nona and their mother becomes a narrative of historical Aboriginal stories of dispossession and sexual exploitation. The aboriginal myths of the stolen children and the Home coming are dealt with in the story of the three sisters in the play. The paper will focus on the bonding of the three sisters after initial mistrust, lies and mysteries. It will also be analysed that how this intense family drama is suggestive of the reconciliation at the national level.

Nowadays, achieving to excellence in organization is necessary because, frequent changes in global markets, has faced organizations with different challenges. The secret of survival in organizations is paying attention to need and expectations of customers and stakeholders. Using of business excellence models is one of the effective methods in getting organization excellence and so, organizations have different approaches. Applying these models, which one of them is using available business excellence model and creating customized excellence models for organizations or specific complexes. Once of the most useful excellence models recently used is EFQM which has been created by European foundation for quality management. This model as a powerful tool for measuring establishment of systems in various organizations is used. A business excellence model is an answer to these questions: what does a lender organization like? What objectives does it have and what criteria is organization managed based on? By applying these models, organizations not only can have a self assessment for level of its success in execution of improvement programs in some periods of time but also can have a benchmark about its performance in comparison To other organizations especially the best. Now, majority of large organizations have gotten some state and national award upon EFQM model which have caused their maturity. In this article, basis and fundamentals and also elements of business excellence are discussed [1].