The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the saliva of high-school students from Sobral-CE, Brazil Public schools in Sobral-CE were randomly selected to participate of the investigation. Saliva samples were collected from 30 volunteers aging 15 to 19 years. The samples were inoculated into MacConkey agar, and then the microorganisms isolated were submitted to identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. It was found a prevalence of 23.3% of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the saliva samples. The most common isolated microorganism was Serratia liquefaciens (31.8%), followed by Enterobacter Cloaceae (18.1%). Out of 55% of the samples showed resistance to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. However, all the samples were sentitive to imipenem. The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the saliva samples was elevated, which is a concern because of the multidrug resistance character that these microorganisms presented.

The scientific evidence of climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions which causes ozone layer depletion is becoming increasingly obvious and clear. Findings revealed that energy from the fossil fuel is the major source of greenhouse emission which destroys the environment and makes it unhealthy for living beings. In Nigeria, conventional energy (oil and gas) with gas flaring has the highest percentage of 52% and liquid fuel of 32% of carbon dioxide (CO2) respectively. This sector contributes revenue of over 70% to Nigeria’s economy and generates an average total 21.8% of greenhouse gas emission. In Nigeria, there is a much more potential for share renewables with 15.4% of total energy production and 8.6 % of energy consumption. In reality with global environmental concern, Nigeria’s carbon dioxide emissions have increased with energy production and consumption. The Integrated Renewable Energy Master Plan of 2008 projects a 26.7% renewable energy contribution to the Nigeria’s energy use and this is expected to reduce CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions at 38% by2025. Nigeria has not been playing significant role by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper highlights Nigeria’s climate change situation and penetration requirements for various renewable energy deployments as mitigating instrument for climate change towards healthy and productive environment.

Globalization has compressed the world to what is now called a global village. The phenomenal increase in the production of goods and services, and the rapid movement of persons across national boundaries have reduced the exclusivity of national frontiers. Thus the growing interconnectivity has spawned what may be described as a global consciousness and culture. Therefore, the rise of NGOs is a precipitate of this global transformation. NGOs which were hitherto, an exclusive preserve of some regions, have come to assume a global character. It is now located in almost all the corners of the world. This paper seeks to examine the problems and prospects associated with this development in the Third World, particularly Africa. In looking at the problems, our data collection method was based on two sources. Primary and Secondary sources. The primary sources include personal interviews and discussions, while the secondary sources include literature review, examination of official bulletins, gazettes, newspapers and magazines. It was discovered that NGOs in Africa perform some vital functions in the continent because of its underdeveloped character. These functions were obviously neglected by the state and the local authorities. We, therefore, suggest that the state need not suffocate NGOs or be wary about of their emergence. Rather, they should have a synergistic relationship through networking and partnership based on best practices and standard of accountability.

This work sets out to undertake a modification of a research endeavour undertaken in 1987 on An Error analysis of the Spoken English of Cameroonian Undergraduates; an M.A. thesis of the University of Ibadan which was never published and about three decades down the road the problem still persist and actually affects many users of English language in a multilingual community such as ours. It became very pertinent when the situation of secondary school students in their speech and performance in English Language in examinations especially the G.C.E. examination, a prerequisite for entrance into the University remained poor. Thus this work is revised to investigate the extent to which Anglophone students deviate in their Morpho-Phonological use of English and how these deviations contribute to their poor performance in English Language as well as impede communication between them and other users of the language. The first thing to note is the fact that English is the medium of instruction in Anglophone schools in Cameroon. In other words, all school subjects are taught through the medium of English.

This paper promotes the need for parsimony in terminology used in the actual value creating process for sources of sustainable competitive advantage by advocating for the need to have universally accepted definitions of the terms resources, capabilities and competencies. This urgent need for an explicit distinction of terminology is supported by recent literature. Specifically, this paper also advocates for the activity-resource-based view (ARBV), derived by integrating the activity and resource-based views, to be one of the main frameworks for analysing the actual value creation process for firms in the services industry. The paper also contributes to the bridging of the gap in strategic management literature and offers guidance for future research by urging scholars and researchers to embrace the empirical integration of the activity and resource-based views.

In this article we have briefly discussed about the corporate social responsibilities in Saudi Arabia and their effectiveness. After the introduction advantages and disadvantages of CSR are discussed. After that implementation of CSR in Saudi Arabia is discussed giving an overview of how it is executed. After giving some positive developments seen after CSR, the drawbacks of improperly governed CSR are discussed. In the end a conclusion is made highlighting what steps should Saudi Arabia should take in order to overcome these problems.

The research was planned to study the effects of withania somnifera as feed ingredient on growth and behavioral changes of Labeo Rohita. For this purpose four aquarium were selected. Each aquarium was stocked with 15 fishes. Before stocking, fishes for each aquarium were treated with 5g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) to prevent fish from fungal infection. Fish sample were taken from Fish Hatchery which is situated at staina road. Two types of diets were given to fish one was normal diet which was given to fish and second was plant based diet which was obtained from withania somnifera. 1st aquarium was served as control while others three served as experimental. After every one week fish was collected at regular intervals to check the growth parameters. Growth parameters such as fresh weight, fork length, total length and standard length were monitored weekly. The result showed that final average body weight was found 24.5, 26.2 and 28 in Withania somnifera. Water quality parameters like DO, Alkalinity, Carbon dioxide, pH, Temperature and chloride ions was also checked by taking water samples from the aquarium. Data analyzed with the help of analysis of variance to reach some conclusions.

Malnutrition among adults is a major health issue in urban and rural parts of India. Malnutrition among adults reduces the economic productivity and such individual fall under poverty trap. This study finds the high severe malnutrition among male in Kalwa, Koparkhairne, Mankhurd and Rabale. The incidence of moderate malnutrition among male is found among male in Koparkhairane, Govandi and Chembur. Among female, it is found in Koparkhairne, Mulund, Kalwa and Mankhurd. At lower age, we found high incidence of malnutrition among adults. At lower education, adults have high incidence of malnutrition. As educational level of adults increases, the incidence of malnutrition declines fast. Similarly, at lower income, incidence of malnutrition is higher among adults. As income increases, the incidence of malnutrition among adults declines fast. A lower age at marriage, we found higher incidence of malnutrition among male and female. All adults consume milk, curd, pulses, vegetables, fruits and nonvegetarian food in diet but the incidence of malnutrition is higher. Few adults read magazines, watch cinema and television in slums of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The physical, electronic and mobility related asset holding is very low among houses of malnourished adults. The logit regression model shows that adult malnutrition is positively corelated with sex, trip of women for drinking water, purification of drinking water, private electricity, bike, television, boy’s preference and beans eaten in diet. Malnutrition among adults is negatively co-related with age, income, education, cooker, red magazine and curd in diet. There are alternative policies are required to reduce malnutrition among adults in Mumbai metropolitan Region. Government must provide training for self-employment to poor people. Banks must provide credit to poor people. They can start small business and increase the standard of living in region. Health care staff must visit to slums. They must treat adults with

There are problems in training of specialists on informatics in higher education institutions of Kazakhstan are considered in this paper.

We investigated the effects of stigma on uptake of Antiretroviral Therapy among women attending Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission clinics in Kenya. This was a cross sectional descriptive study where all the 280 women who attended 6 health facilities in Rachuonyo North Sub County during the study period were sampled. Data were collected using questionnaires and Key-informant guide for PMTCT Health Officers in charge of the clinics. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and using content analysis. The study established that enacted stigma influenced ART uptake by causing160 (65%) to stop taking anti-retroviral drugs, anticipated stigma influenced ART uptake by causing 177(63%) women to stop taking antiretroviral, consequently perceived community stigma influenced ART uptake by causing 168(60%) respondents to stop taking antiretroviral drugs and self-stigma led to stoppage of antiretroviral drugs among 184(66%) women. The study highlighted the need to address stigma to improve ART uptakein PMTCT settings.