Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is a rapidlygrowing Internet service for telephone communication. However, while it offers a number of cost advantages over traditional telephone service, it can pose a security threat, especially when used over public networks. In the absence of sufficient security, users of public networks are open to threats such as identity theft, man-in-the-middle attack, interception of messages/eavesdropping, DOS attacks, interruption of service and spam. S/MIME adds security to the message itself and can be used to provide end-to-end security to SIP. S/MIME can also offer confidentiality or integrity, or both, but it does not provide any anti-replay protection. However, we propose to use a unified architecture for the implementation of security protocols in the form of a security toolbox system. It will prevent an attack against anti-replay.

The study assessed the efficient utilization of electricity by domestic consumers in the Agona District. Descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting five (5) towns and 100 respondents, respectively. A questionnaire as well as interview and observation methods were used in data collection. The data obtained from respondents were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that almost two-thirds (63%) of the respondents in the condominium consume electricity from a single central credit meters. Again, the study showed that lack of access to energy efficient technologies have contributed to the waste of electricity in the households. The results also revealed that consumers have little or no knowledge about some basic energy conservation tips. It is recommended that all households in such condominium should be provided with separate meters preferably the pre-paid meters so as to encourage consumers to conserve energy.

The chemical composition of the extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao and its biological activity is hereby studied. Dried pulverised stem bark extract of Theobroma cacao was batch extracted with ethanol. This crude ethanol extract was screened for the presence of plant chemicals: the result showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, glycoside, phenol, flavonoid and carboxylic acid. Four human pathogens; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pnemoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were used in the test for the biological activity and were discovered to be susceptible to the crude extract. The extract was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and extracted with chloroform (CHCl3). The organic layer was basified with 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and the alkaline layer treated with HCl. The acidic component showed strong presence of tannin, saponin, phenol, alkaloid, mild presence of flavonoid and glycoside. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the pathogens was at a concentration of 1 x 10-8 M for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and approximately 1 x 10-6 M for Streptococcus pnemoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) was carried out at different concentrations of the plant extract. The concentration at 12.5 mg/mL was significant for all the microorganisms.

In the contemporary world of ‘Global-Village’ the societies have converted into ‘International-Citizenship’ due to new technologies which has successfully made it possible to keep ‘Global-Connections’ far more powerfully than ever in the human history. The global influence of digital technologies have reinforced the concept of GLOBALIZATION with far reaching ‘Social, Cultural, Economic and Political’ implications for the whole world including advanced, developing and poor nations on the planet. The performance of ‘Non- Governmental-Organizations are reportedly heavily influence by the factors of Globalization. A field survey was conducted from the employees working in NGOs in Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The questionnaire contained 43 questions on different factors of Globalization (ICTs, Connectivity & Networks and Transfer of Knowledge, Capital, and Professionalism) as well as their impacts on the efficiency, effectiveness, innovativeness and responsiveness of the workforce as the indicators of their performance. First hypothesis was examined through ‘Correlation-Procedure’; 2nd and 3rd hypotheses were answered by using ‘Regression-Analysis’. The current study will appear as a source of knowledge for the interested researchers working on the similar topics by providing first hand and local facts and figures about the issue.

This study examines the impact of digital literacy on student’s participation in Political Activism’. The computer, internet and cell phone has given rise to the interactive and participatory role of youth in active politics. Survey approach was adopted for data collection. Data was collected through ‘Structured-Questionnaire’ constructed using the variables extracted from literature. Questionnaire included 6 Demographic and 6 Research variables (4 Predictors and 2 Criterion) expressed through 43 questions. First hypothesis was examined through ‘Correlation-Procedure’; 2nd and 3rd hypotheses were answered by using ‘Regression-Analysis’. This study will be a role model/ guideline for researchers working in same line of issues. It will provide a local version of the problem thereby helping to design and plan their research projects accordingly.

Fixed point theorems on complete metric spaces with a weak distance proved by Ume and Yi [4] have been improved under weaker conditions. The results of this paper also generalize those of Brian Fisher [1], Dien [3] and Liu et al. [6].

The trend of female branded fashion clothing is growing rapidly in retail industry across the globe. The study purpose is to examine Bangladeshi female consumers’ fashion apparel buying behavior and key factors of branded clothing. The study nature is descriptive and primary data were collected from survey questionnaires using non probability judgmental sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, multiple regression and factor analysis. The results observed that brand status, attitude, popularity, image, premium, self-respect, and reference groups were found to have positive effects on consumer buying behavior. The important findings help to highlight the factors influencing consumer involvement in purchasing fashion apparel. The study contribution is to make clear understanding for marketers about the preferences of consumers to attract and maintain target consumer groups and to understand the factors influencing the fashion apparel purchase to formulate diversified and innovative marketing strategies towards branded fashion industry in Bangladesh.

Objective: Analysis were under taken to determine the role of birth asphyxia and chronic antenatal hypoxia disorders in the genesis of Cerebral palsy, in a prospective study of 31,804 antenatal mothers and30,080 live births. Material & Methods: For this large-scale prospective study, proper documentation of all events in the antenatal, natal and postnatal period, a detail, stringent protocol was prepared and distributed to 49 Govt. & Z.P. health institutes. The protocol was filled in for each antenatal mother by the doctor of antenatal clinic and who is attending the delivery. The same was collected back to us by above-mentioned institutes on a fixed date of every month, at the time of monthly review meeting.

Aims and Objectives: Mutations in BRCA1 gene are associated with greater risk of developing breast cancer. We determined whether clinicopathological characteristics of the tumour differ in patients with and without BRCA 1 expression. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 cases of breast carcinomas received as lumpectomy or mastectomy specimens in the Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Amritsar over a period of one year(between November 2013 and October 2014).

In this paper we present automated text classification in text mining that is gaining greater relevance in various fields every day. Text mining primarily focuses on developing text classification systems able to automatically classify huge volume of documents, comprising of unstructured and semi structured data. The process of retrieval, classification and summarization simplifies extract of information by the user. The finding of the ideal text classifier, feature generator and distinct dominant technique of feature selection leading all other previous research has received attention from researchers of diverse areas as information retrieval, machine learning and the theory of algorithms. To automatically classify and discover patterns from the different types of the documents [1], techniques like Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Data Mining are applied together. In this paper we review some effective feature selection researches and show the results in a table form.