The study was carried out to detect Cryptosporidium coproantigens in pre-weaned ruminants and pigs in Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. Faecal samples of 186 preweaned animals comprising calves (n=32), lambs (n=47), goat kids (n=36) and piglets (n=71) were collected and examined for Cryptosporidium antigens by the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 60.2% (112/186) of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium antigens with infection rates of 78.1% (25/32), 51.1% (24/47), 83.3% (30/36) and 46.5% (33/71) for calves, lambs, goat kids and piglets respectively. The infection rates among animal species sampled were significantly different (p<0.05) from one another. The rate of infection in neonates, 73.5%, was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the rate recorded in other pre-weaned age group (>1 month-3 months). Furthermore, the infection rates, 67.3% and 68.6%, observed in females and diarrhoeic animals respectively were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those recorded in males (51.8%) and nondiarrhoeic animals (44.6%). This study demonstrates that Cryptosporidium infection is prevalent among pre-weaned category of ruminants and pigs in Ogun State, Nigeria"

Nigeria is the largest black nation in the world. She is also the 6th oil producing country across the globe. However, Nigeria has one of the largest people living in poverty. Reports have indicated that more than 60% of the Nigerian population could be characterized with poverty. In spite of differing poverty intervention program(both the government and private agencies),poverty and inequality in Nigeria still wax in a sporadic trend. From Operation Feed the Nation to the recent You WIN program, Nigeria’s development program seems conflictualwith the dreams of “collective poor”. Similarly, the presence of unresolved contradictions, between subjective and relative poverty perceptions among the Nigerian people, relatively contributes immensely, as well as contradicts the path-ways towards poverty reduction. Hence, despite government measures at reducing poverty, lackluster strategic intents ultimately inhibits among others, health care delivery andsecurity of lives in Nigeria. Could poverty persistence have been attributed to policy imperfections? Weak political will? Or individual perceptions of inequality?. The contribution of this paper therefore, is entrenched in systemic analysis of rationale behind policy imperfections in the quest for poverty reductions in Nigeria using (NEEDS) as a point of reference. However, the paper argues that, for Nigeria to adequately address poverty agenda as one of the pointers of millennium development goals by 2015, pro-poor strategic policy reformation remains imperative.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of cabergoline added to metformin on glycemic control, insulin resistance and B-cell function in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Forty obese patients with newly diagnosed type2 diabetes were enrolled in this study and randomized by 1:1 ratio into group (I) receives metformin and group (II) receives metformin plus cabergoline for 12 week. We evaluated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) every 4 week while body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and B-cell function (HOMA-B) at the baseline and after 12 week. At the end of the study, Cabergoline plus metformin significantly improved FPG, PPG and HOMA-IR more than metformin alone. Beta-cell functions significantly improved by cabergoline plus metformin but not by metformin alone after 12 week compared with baseline. We can conclude that cabergoline added to metformin improved glycemic control and insulin resistance better than metformin alone.

This study exploressome metaphorical uses in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Colors are used very widely because slavery is one of the main themes of the novel and the conflict between white and black skinned people is shown as a main reason of slavery. As a result of that conflict, white and black colors can be seen very frequently. Some of the speeches will be analyzed in which colors are used metaphorically. The use of white color will be explained in deep as it is used regularly by a slave character because this color is the color of the slave owners, hunters and masters. Black color is used mainly for two reasons: to show the insults which were committed towards black people and it is also used to exaggerate the beauty of eyes. Crossing water is also a metaphor and it will be discussed; it will be shown how it is used to show a change in some people’s entire life.

Mobile telecommunications’ sector is one of the fastest developing sectors in the world. Both high usage and demand gather to show how this sector is increasing especially with the energy resources it requires to operate. Mobile telecommunications has a direct effect on the environment related to the usage (users’ behavior, network’s interaction, power and energy saving, etc.). The main objectives of this research are to assess the consumers’ awareness and willingness to pay in order to go green in mobile telecommunication, while measuring the attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms that affect the consumers’ intentions to go green in mobile telecommunications. The theory of planned behavior is used as the conceptual framework to assess the consumers’ intention and behavior towards green telecommunication. A Questionnaire on the theory of planned behavior was built, translated and face to face self-administered interviews were conducted four areas in Lebanon (Jdeideh, Haret Hreik, Roueis, and Maameltein) that were selected based on the traffic profile (voice and data), number of distinct users, locations, population, and workplaces. Results show that most of the Lebanese consumers are aware of the negative environmental and health impacts of telecommunications. Result show that most of the Lebanese consumers are ready to pay higher mobile fees if green telecom systems are to be applied in Lebanon; and that variables such as attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms affect the consumers’ intention to go green in mobile telecommunications.

Hydrogels have proven their ability to respond to changes in the local environment [1-6]. While the results obtained by many researchers highlight the promising nature of hydrogels in biomedical sensors, work has yet to be done to demonstrate the ability of hydrogels to maintain a response after being stored for an extended period of time, and to demonstrate the ability to maintain a strong stimuli response after repeated cycles. Some researchers have proposed utilizing hydrogel-based sensors in implantable devices [7]. If this technology is to work, it is important to understand the duration and stability of the stimuli response. This will determine the life of a hydrogel-based sensor and the time frame in which the device will become ineffective and need to be replaced. Furthermore, devices may not be used as soon as the hydrogel has been synthesized. Therefore, it is also important to understand how long a device may remain in storage before it loses its effectiveness.

Technologies that exploit biometrics have the potential for the identification and verification of individuals designed for controlling access to secured areas or materials. One of the biometrics used for the identification is iris. Many techniques have been developed for iris recognition so far. Here we propose a new iris recognition system utilizing unbalanced wavelet packets and FFBNN-ABC. In our proposed system, the eye images obtained from the iris database are preprocessed using the adaptive median filter to remove the noise. After removing the noise, iris part is localized by using contrast adjustment and active contour technique. Then unbalanced wavelet packets coefficients and Modified Multi Text on Histogram (MMTH) features are extracted from the localized iris image. Then MMTH features extracted are clustered by using the MFCM technique. After clustering, the dimensionality of the features is reduced by using PCA. Then the dimensionality reduced features & unbalanced wavelet packet coefficients are given to FFBNN to complete the training process. During the training, the parameters of the FFBNN are optimized using ABC Algorithm. The performance of our proposed iris recognition system is validated by using CASIA database and compared with the existing systems. Our proposed iris recognition system is implemented in the working platform of MATLAB.

Introduction ordan know trading in shares since the beginning of the thirties of the twentieth century, where trading was done through the market irregularly by some brokerage firms, until issued Law No. (31) of 1976, under which was established Amman financial market as a market regulator and as a supervisor and an executive at the one (Khatib, 2006). Both the trading volume and stock prices basic rule by which describe the state of the financial market, and investors are keep it out to trace these two variables constantly and alarmingly somewhat due to the adoption of their investment decisions on them, along with the use of these two variables in assessing the performance of the financial market through the volume of information available (Karpio, et-al, 2012). Where the Sun Illustrates (2003) to understand the relationship between trading volume and stock returns in the futures markets and speculative markets is essential for traders in these markets, because the fluctuation in prices affect the volume of trading in futures contracts, as well as the rate of return to take distribution is normal. This study has received the relationship between trading volume and stock returns attention of many researchers, economists, and there are many studies that have been made in different markets in order to test the relationship between trading volume and stock returns, but these studies have been mostly applied in the development financial markets, while it did not have markets emerging among which Arabic enough research into the relationship (Al-Zubaidi and others, 2008). Therefore, this study was to look at the nature of the correlation between trading volume and stock prices in the Amman Stock Exchange.

In this paper, we discuss about the recently collected sample of ground water at different locations in Uttar Pradesh State of India and its experimental analysis in laboratory for the presence of Oxygen content. Also, we represents the data graphically and interpreted the data using the method called analysis of variance. Further, we analyze our findings with the established results. Lastly we concluded that the samples depend on location as well as month also that is in different months and different areas disolved Oxygen are different.

Quality of work life is a comprehensive approach of satisfaction, trustworthiness toward organization and valuable contribution of workforce for the organizations. In spite of banking sector of Bangladesh is a growing and emerging economic sector, the state owned commercial banks are not contributing to the economy up to marks. The objective of the study is to analyze the interrelationship between the quality of worklife and the dimensions or factors of quality of worklife on the bank employees in the northern region of the country. A structured self administered questionnaire consists of 20 items have been used for primary data collection. Secondary data have been derived from the books, published research articles, and banks websites for achieving the objectives of the study. The survey data have been analyzed using SPSS. The descriptive analysis, correlation test, and regression analysis have been used to analyze the collected data. The study has found that in the banks there is a little presence of environment of quality of worklife. Basically there is a strong need of suitable working environment and presence of hazy work features and a little existence of social recognition and integration and the rest of the dimensions are moderately present. The study has also revealed that compensation and other remuneration and career opportunity and growth are highly correlated with worklife that causes a lower level of satisfaction of employees’ comparison to private commercial banks’ employees. The study suggests to the higher management that the banks should initiate and ensure a suitable quality of worklife for making this sector prospective and scrupulous.