Development has long been a catch-all phrase and it now seems that everybody has something to say on the subject. It is indeed crucial to know what one is talking about, if only to allow for the differentiation of development from economic growth with which it is equated all too often. In point of fact, it is believed that the apparent failure of the development project can be attributed to precisely this misunderstanding surrounding the notion of development itself.

Abstract- Osteoarthritis of the knee may occur in patients who have previously undergone tibial nailing, necessitating nail removal in order to perform total knee arthroplasty. Typically, the nail may be removed without a great deal of difficulty, either as a separate procedure or at the time of the arthroplasty. However, tibial nail removal may pose a significant challenge. Extended trochanteric osteotomy is an exposure technique that provides optimal access to the femoral diaphysis.1 Creating a longitudinal window down the length of the femur exposes the intramedullary canal allowing for removal of well fixed components (such as fully coated pressfit stems) that are adherent to the bone. This technique has been well described in the literature with several variations of this procedure also now used quite universally.2 We report the use of a similar technique, extended tibial osteotomy, to remove an incarcerated tibial nail at the time of planned total knee arthroplasty. Our patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she consented.

Single crystal Diamond based Charge Particle detectors have been realized through a pilot stage fabrication run at the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IIT-B). Device simulations in Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) were employed to study the physics of charge transport within the detector. Static case simulations revealed values of critical dc performance parameters like total leakage current at applied bias as well as the intrinsic bulk resistance offered by the detector. Dynamic case simulations meant to study the effect of alpha radiation were also conducted. They indicated a certain probability of charge multiplication at low fields within the diamond crystal which needs further experimental investigation to validate. Device simulations also proved helpful in verification and validation of experimental results. Technology for fabrication of diamond detectors was developed through an iterative process spread across several runs to realize a robust device. DC characterization of the fabricated diamond detectors was performed to extract the terminal current at operating voltage (100V), intrinsic bulk resistance of the detector as well as the trend of the I-V curve.

In view of the limited data on the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the Caribbean region, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of these parasites in cattle in Grenada, West Indies. In Total 148 serum samples were collected from the jugular veins of cattle from the six parishes in the country. The samples were surveyed for T. gondii and N. caninum antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 2.7% (4/148) and the seropositivity of N. caninum was 6.8% (10/148). The present results indicate exposure of cattle to T. gondii and N. caninum in Grenada.

Workplace bullying has become a prevalent phenomenon for employees in multinational enterprises. As a result, employees’ job performance and mental health would be affected significantly. It is important for top management team to neutralize and reduce bullying among cross-cultural employees. This paper will focus on the relationship between cultural diversity and workplace bullying in multinational enterprises.

Environmental Sensitivity is closely linked to the concepts of reception or absorption (recovery)that have environmental components, such capabilities must be addressed in a holistic and integrated for analysis of constructive alternatives to incorporate infrastructure. Environmental Sensitivity Maps are undoubtedly important to define a priori the contingency plans, corrective actions, mitigation or compensation to the occurrence of damage to the environment. A case study is presents for the installation of production infrastructure; environmental sensitivity is analyzed through physical, biological and socioeconomic factors (landscapes): surface runoff, topography, soil type, flora - wildlife and land uses. For the generation of environmental sensitivity maps a weighted polynomial was used whose weights were defined on the basis of consultations with experts. Four alternatives for an aqueduct were compared, which are analyzed according to the environmental sensitivity of the areas traversed. The alternative path was defined by the engineers, in charge of the hydraulic project aspects, and the application of the optimal path algorithm, using the environmental sensitivity map as friction, to determine traces of each alternative with less sensitivity.Environmental Sensitivity Maps showed consistency in the analysis of alternatives for the location of new infrastructure.

Constant pitch propeller whose blade angle is fixed with respect to hub is suitable for low speed airplane. The objectives of this thesis are to determine thrust, torque and the performance of the low subsonic airplane propeller. The thesis has been carried out by the two different approaches- Analytical and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. The Analytical Method using “Propeller Blade Element Theory” is one of the most effective methodologies available for determining the thrust and torque produced by the propeller. On the other hand, the Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation has been used to simulate and capture the performance of the propeller. Through both methodologies, the propeller performance was analyzed and compared. The results obtained were tabulated and the corresponding graphs were plotted. Both methods suggest that the thrust and torque change with the change in relative velocity. Besides, there are several factors that contribute to the variations in results of the Analytical method and CFD Simulation.

This paper studies the meaning of creative advertising and can it create positive brand images and purchasing possibility. It discusses about how an advertisement qualifies as creative according to past researches, the elements involved in the qualifications, how it works and if it works. This paper also looked into the barriers of creative advertising which involves consumers’ persuasion knowledge and the limitation of advertisements. This paper studied through various journal articles. Findings show that among the qualifications in past researches, originality would be the main aspect in creativity although the other three elements discussed; attractiveness, persuasion and strategy are equally important in an advertisement. Past researches showed that advertisements have limits, whether creative or not due to consumers’ own chain of thoughts and knowledge. Although it is limited, advertisers still have a higher chance to boost up their purchasing possibility by creating a positive brand image through creative advertisements.

Leaders play a very important role in leading people, especially employees in a company, towards the right path. Due to the shifts of many eras, the replacement of different generations of people in the workforce and the swift changes in technology; there has to be changes and adjustments made on the behaviors of leaders and how it affects employee’s performance. In this essay, research is made on the latest leadership behaviors and its effect on employee’s performance.

Customer service, safety quality and benchmarking are all important aspect that airports and airlines should take into account. There are several importance, drawbacks and ways to manage each of these components .It has been found that all these three components are interrelated to one another, somehow to promote better performance. This is because with benchmarking, an airport or airline will be able to improve its performance, better performance means more customers, and more customers’ means more expectation of good service and proper management of safety. All of these expectations needs to be fulfilled in order for them to feel secure and at the same time would be more willing to come back in the future.