Thisstudyexaminedhowadvancepreparationmodulates our ability to switch between face categorizations.The study included three switching experiments with differentpairsof facial categorizationtasks.In experiment 1, subjectsswitchedbetweengenderandoccupationcategorizations.Results showed a larger switch cost for the occupation task. Inexperiment2,participantscategorizedemotionandgendercategorizations.Resultsyieldedalargerswitchcostforthegender task. In experiment 3, subjects performed emotion andoccupation categorization task. There was a larger switch costfortheoccupationtask.Theoverallresultsofexperimentsindicated that harder task yielded a larger switch cost than theeasier task. Moreover, these switch costs can be reduced withsufficient preparation time. This study is the first investigationintoadvancepreparationeffectduringswitchingbetweentasksofsocialsignificance.Wediscusswhyasymmetriesreduce with an advance preparation during face categorizationtasks.

Spatial Multiplexing (SM), which employs multiple antennas at transmitter as well as at receiving side, is mainly responsible for the spectral efficiency enhancement in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems without additional bandwidth and power requirement. In this paper, MIMO Spatial Multiplexing technique is analyzed for different antenna configurations (2×2, 3×3, 4×4) in AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel using higher order modulation techniques (M-PSK, M-QAM). The Zero Forcing detector is employed at the receiving end. The performance of MIMO SM technique is compared for different antenna configurations and simulated results shows that 0-2 db increment in SNR (Signal to Noise ratio) is required if antenna configuration is changed from 2×2 to 3×3 and 0-3 db increment in SNR is required if antenna configurations are changed from 3×3 to 4×4.

Introduction: Impedance audiometry measures intactness of middle ear system and acoustic arc. It has become an essential tool in audiological practice, any variability leads to erroneous diagnosis. The most likely error to occur is by different probe-tip placements in the ear canal. The present study was conducted to verify this hypothesis. Subjects, Material and Methods: The study was conducted on twenty normal hearing subjects (40 ears) with age range of 17 to 28 years. It included measurements of compliance, ear canal volume, middle ear pressure and acoustic reflexes. These parameters were studied for two probe-tip positions (i) ≤1mm; and (ii) 2mm inside the ear canal. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two probe-tip positions for ear canal volume. During acoustic reflex for 2000 Hz probe-tone, the change in compliance was significantly affected. Conclusions: The results can be explained by ear canal resonance principles. Thus, the study verifies that the placement of probe-tip affects the measurements of tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. Aim and Objectives: To study the changes of tympanometric and acoustic reflex test measures with different placements of probe-tip.

This paper throws light on some burning issues of human resource in coal mining sector in contemporary West Bengal. Expansion of coal mining to a large scale is required and it presents enormous challenges not only in ensuring safe and efficient resource extraction techniques, pollution control and roadway / railway infrastructure development, but most importantly making the coal industry responsive to emerging social issues related to coalmining. Enormous challenges in this regard include transparent and accountable community consultation, involvement and participatory development, responsible resettlement and rehabilitation of coalmine-affected populations, and reassessment of numerous Government regulations, policies and legal mechanism relating to land acquisition and mine operations. Beside land acquisition factor entire coal mining sector is now facing some problems related to internal human resource management. This paper aims to focus particularly on some underlying issues relating to human resource on one side and society’s reaction against land acquisition on the other.

Cassava effluent in form of wastewater obtained during the processing of “garri”, is indiscriminately released into the environment, the effect of which is not fully known on soils and groundwater. This study investigated the distribution of two trace elements (Cu and Mn) found in the effluent through soil columns. The experiment was conducted using three different soil types namely; Iwo, Apomu and Egbeda and four varying proportions of cassava effluent (0ml – Control, 6ml, 12ml and 18ml). The four varying proportions of the effluents translates to 2.74, 5.48, 8.22, 10.96 mg/l of Cu and 1.83, 3.66, 5.49, 7.32 mg/l of Mn. The soil samples were compacted to soil bulk density of 1.50g/cm3 inside 50 cm long and 15cm diameter columns. The leachates were collected every 24 hours after the start of the experiment and analyzed for Cu and Mn using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result shows that the total leachate concentration (in mg/l) of Cu in 7days varied from 5.54 to 10.11 for Iwo, 5.13 to 14.81 for Apomu and 9.2 to 15.31 for Egbeda as cassava effluent volume increased from 0ml to 18ml; for Mn, it varies from 0.81 to 27.93, 1.7 to 34.26 and 12.03 to 36.19 for Iwo, Apomu and Egbeda respectively. The effect of increasing cassava effluent volume on leachate concentration for both Cu and Mn was in the order: Apomu > Egbeda > Iwo. The difference in total volume (in ml) leached after 40 minutes of simulated rainfall for 0ml and 12ml effluent additions were 13.3, 10.3 and 2.2 for Iwo, Apomu and Egbeda respectively.

Psalm 91 has been described as a wonderful Psalmthathasbeenasourceofcomfortandfaithdevelopmenttomanywhohavefacedphysicalandspiritualchallengesprevalentinourcontemporarycircumstances.IthasthedistinctionofbeingmisquotedbySatanduringJesus’temptationinMatthew4:6andLuke4:10-11.JesusChristalsousedthisPsalmtostrengthenhisdisciplesinspiritualwarfare in Luke 10:19. This paper has done a textual analysisof this Psalm with an attempt to unveil its language, structuraland grammatical richness. The paper has also considered therelevanceofthisPsalmtothebeliefsystemoftheYorubapeopleofsouthwesternpartofNigeria.ThiswillenabletheYorubareadertopossessabetterunderstandingofthePsalm.Thestudyhasadoptedexegetical,theological,andsocio-historical approaches.

The inhibiting effect of streptoquin and septazole towards the corrosion of the copper in 0.1M of HCl solution has been studied by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical frequency modulation technique (EFM). Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicted that these compounds behave as mixed-type inhibitors. These drugs were adsorbed on copper surface follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results obtained from EIS and EFM are in good agreement with potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Some quantum chemical parameters were calculated and compared with the experimental data.

On farm field experiments were conducted during 2005 to 2008 to evaluate production and land use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping systems in four major soil series of upper Brahmaputra valley of Asom. The rice cultivar Basundhara and Satyaranjan were followed by three winter crops viz., potato (Solanum tuberosum), peas (Pisum sativum) and mustard (Brassica nigra) on four major soil series viz., Lahangaon (Aeric Fluvaquents), Bhogdai (Fluvaquventic Endoaquepts), Matikhola (Typic Endoaquepts) and Teok (Typic Fluvaquents) of Jorhat district in split-split plot design under farmers practice (FP) and recommended package of practices (RPP). The pooled data on rice equivalent yield (REY) of rice–potato Lahangaon series (156.6 q ha-1) under RPP was found economically significant followed by Bhogdai (138.4 q ha-1) and Matikhola (111.07 q ha-1) but rice –pea (100.9 q ha-1) in Teok series. The high production efficiency is recorded for rice –pea system with mean of 54.95 kg ha-1day-1 and highest of 66.7 kg ha-1day-1 in Lahangaon series and an increase of land use efficiency from 35 to 70 percent. The agronomic performance of rice based systems under RPP was well over FP at all the soil series, but best results were recorded at Lahangaon series.

The purpose of this paper was to review some of theresearchonsocialloafingingeneralandthentomakesuggestionsabouthowexperimentalfindingswhichdemonstratehowsocialloafingcanbediminishedcouldbeappliedtogroupworkassignedineducationalsettings.Several strategies that teachers may use to help reduce socialloafingingroupprojectswerediscussedinthispaperincluding identifying individuals with a high need for cognition,consideringthedifficultyoftasks,usingperformancemeasurement,emphasizingvaluableindividualcontributions,limitingthegroupsize,promotinggroupcohesiveness,andusing peer evaluations.

Geometic techniques are widely applied in landscape ecology to quantify the spatial patterns exhibited within species and its associated root fungi. Several analyses have been developed and modified to improve the ability to detect and characterize the patterns by the growth of species and population in various scale. Analysis of spatial pattern for disease and pathogen are of interest for the understanding and management plan to control the increase or spread within plant populations due to the numerous shared channels. Mathematical approaches encounter and give quantitative information of infections caused by many soilborne plant pathogens which are generally found in clusters of patches. Reliable approach for the use of spatial data can be established either by the research objective or by the measurement types and sampling designs procedures. We applied several mathematical tools to quantify the quantitative nature of Meloidogyne javanica and its associated soil fungi and soil characteristics in the development of nematode populations in the tomato grown field.