International trade is considered as one of the basic criteria which reflects development reached by the country, and it is one of the tools that achieve and maintain balance since that the structure of foreign trade is specified according to country’s economic infrastructure. For example, all exported goods of countries which depend on agricultural sector will be raw materials and agricultural products. As a result, deve-lopment process in these countries will be followed by changes in foreign trade structure. In this study, we are going to examine improvements that happened in Jordanian international trade components, and their geographical distribution, which shows the economic relationship between Jordan and the external universe.

For the last few decades, global warming has become a strong threat to human development. The climate change has been affecting on water resources, biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, and public health in specific, and the way of life in general. Nepal is highly vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change. The crux of the problem for managing climate change adaptation is the rampant poverty. In such context, this study aims to review the key challenges of climate change governance in Nepal and to determine the extent of the Nepal’s climate change governance capacity. The primary data for this study was collected by administering a score-sheet to the extensively experienced persons in the field of environment and/or climate change. This paper concludes that Nepal’s climate change governance capacity is of moderate level and marginally improving since 2010.

This paper examines the social and economic development of Ibaland up to 2000. The focus of this study is on the people of Ibaland, one of the multifarious Awori settlements on the southern part of Yoruba land, who had developed an elaborate system of socio-economic structures prior to the coming of the Europeans in the mid- 19th century. This became imperative in view of erroneous perceptions of some European writers that Africa had no history prior to their contact with African societies. The work also examines the development of one of the Awori settlements in the coastal region of Lagos, whose societies may not in any way be seen as one of the mega-states of pre-colonial Yoruba land, but as one of the mini-states that possesses some of the accoutrements of the mega states. The paper is structured into six parts namely, introduction, background/origin and geographical location of Ibaland, socio-religious activities, architecture, role of women, economy and conclusion

Use of social networking sites has led to research concerning online behavior and personality. This study uses a model specifically developed to study the shifts in behavior of five defined types of Facebook users over a 5-year period as they exploit the site‟s Timeline feature. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in activity among Scrapbookers, t(7) = 7.99, p < .01 and (M = 9.13, s = 3.23) as well as among Social Butterflies, t(7) = 7.13, p < .01 and (M = 7.38, s = 2.92). The t-test found no discernable statistically reliable difference in the Observer category t(7) = 1.53, p > .05 and (M = 0.5, s = .93) nor in the Activist category t(7) = 1.69, p > .05 and (M = 1.63, s = 2.72), or Entrepreneur category t(7) = 1.53, p > .05 and (M = 1.75, s = 3.24).

We consider a nearly hyperbolic cosymplectic manifold and study semi-invariant submanifolds of a nearly hyperbolic cosymplectic manifold. We also study parallel distributions on nearly hyperbolic cosymplectic manifold and find the integrability conditions of some distributions on nearly hyperbolic cosymplectic manifold.

Testing time, power dissipation and others are major challenging optimization problems while testing digital circuits and VLSI circuits. Unluckily, most of these problems are frequently solved by heuristic ways which do not assure best solution. The analysis of situation of art models and answers in such optimization problems were carried out in this paper, especially for power optimization in digital VLSI circuit testing.

Magnetoresistance measurements were made on Thin Films of InxGa1-xAs from Electrical resistivity and Hall Effect measurements. Films used in this study were grown on single crystal GaAs substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxial method. Measurements were made at room temperature and up to field strength of 5.5KG. Resistivity of GaAs and In0.14Ga0.86As at room temperature are 65.3 Ohm-cm and 7.77 × 10-1 Ohm-cm respectively and for samples with x ≈0.185 and ≈0.205 resistivity at room temperature are 1.06× 103 Ohm-cm and 2.54 × 103 Ohm-cm respectively. Hall coefficients were calculated for all samples. Temperature variations of these values are presented in a temperature region 273K to 323K. From the measurements it is found that GaAs and In0.14Ga0.86As samples ΔR/R0 show a linear variation with magnetic field. But for In0.185Ga0.815As and In0.205Ga0.795As films ΔR/R0 initially decreases and then increases with increasing fields. Results obtained are explained in the light of the existing theories and they are found to be in good agreement with theories and also with the published results of other workers.

This paper analyzes the diversified set of forms of participation of civil society organizations within the environmental policy during the government of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva between 2003 and 2008. It takes into account aspects of effectiveness of participation and the democratization of debates on environment. It is based in qualitative research, with documental sources and interviews. Conclusions show the existence of a highly organized civil society that makes use of multiple mechanisms of participation to reach most effectiveness. It suggests, also, that effectiveness as well as democratization are intimately linked to the existence of institutional warrants, without which it is very difficult to oppose to economic interests.

Internationalization of higher education in Africa can be traced to the very onset of higher education on the continent, a feature that is intricately intertwined with colonization. Wherever it has been embraced the influence of internationalization on higher education has not been uniform; it varies from country to country and from region to region. In the development process, Olusola (2009) argues that African countries and other low developed countries could use knowledge to narrow the income gap between them and the economies of the developed world. In this write up the authors adopted the definition by Knight (2008) who takes internationalization of higher education to be the process of integrating an international, intercultural, and global dimension into the purpose, functions (teaching, research, and service) and the delivery of higher education. The authors interviewed Deans, Heads of Department, and staff from the Department of the Academic Registrar regarding the internationalization practices in higher education in Uganda with special focus on Makerere University.

An approach for automatic classification of computed tomography (CT) medical images is presented in this paper. A vast amount of CT images are produced in modern hospitals due to advances of multi-slice Computed Tomography (CT) Scan which handles up to 64 slices per scan. So, an input image based automatic medical image retrieval system is now a necessity. In this paper, Coiflet wavelets are used to extract feature from the CT images. The extracted features are then classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF). The performance of SVM for varying parameters is investigated.