Keeping in view the paucity of information related to inferior phrenic arteries, the present study has been carried out to provide a detailed account of variation in the mode of origin of inferior phrenic artery. The study was carried out on 30 adult human cadavers of known sex. On the right side, the inferior phrenic artery arose independently in 20 cases (66.6%) and by a common trunk in 10 cases (33.3%). On the left side the artery arose independently in 20 cases (66.6%) and by a common trunk in 10 cases (33.3%). The renal artery was seen as the source of the inferior phrenic artery on 3 sides. The inferior phrenic artery usually originates from the aorta or celiac trunk and less frequently from the renal, hepatic or left gastric arteries. This artery is a major source of collateral or parasitized arterial supply to hepatocellular carcinoma, second only to the hepatic artery. Recognition of variations enables clinicians to distinguish features which merit further investigations or treatment from those which do not .Clinical implications of variations in this artery have been stressed upon.

Behavior of spin wave propagation in ferromagnetic medium with non-uniform distribution of magnetic parameters is studied. In particular, the influence of external magnetic field on behavior of bulk spin wave propagating through inhomogeneity made in form of lens (lens is biaxial ferromagnet placed into biaxial ferromagnetic medium with another magnetic parameters. Ferromagnets are in the homogeneous magnetic field directed along the hard axis) is studied.

This paper presents a new algorithm Artificial Neural Network and Seeded Region Growing (ANN-SRG) to segment cloud patches of different types. This method used Seeded Region Growing (SRG) as segmentation algorithm, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Cloud classification as preprocessing algorithm. It can be trained to respond favorably to cloud types of interest, and SRG method is no longer sensitive to the seeds selection and growing rule. To illustrate the performance of this technique, this paper applied it on Chinese first operational geostationary meteorological satellite FengYun-2C (FY-2C) in three infrared channels (IR1, 10.3- 11.3μm; IR2, 11.5-12.5μm and WV 6.3-7.6μm) with 2864 samples collected by meteorologists in June, July, and August in 2007. The result shows that this method can distinguish and segment cloud patches of different types, and improves the traditional SRG algorithm by reducing the uncertainty of seeds extraction and regional growth.

In the present study an attempt was made to find out the various nematodes and their prevalence infesting the pashmina goats of Ladakh through faecal examinations. The eggs collected from these were identified as Haemonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, Dictyocaulus filaria and Chabertia ovina. Identification was done on the basis of various morphological and morphometric characters (Yamaguti, 1975; Soulsby, 1982). Of the 70 animals examined 22 (31.42%) were found infected with single or multiple parasite species. It was also observed that among these H. contortus 42.15% was most dominant followed by T. ovis (37.46%) D. filaria (32.24%) and C. ovina (18.78%) respectively. The study also revealed a significant difference with respect to season, wherein higher prevalence (40.00%) was observed during the rainy season as compared to the dry season 22.85%. Similarly an association was observed between sex and age of the host with prevalence of nematode infections. It was also observed that females were more infected (37.14%) as compared to males (25.71%). Likewise young animals were more infected (34.28%) than the adult ones (28.57%). Similarly an association was observed between prevalence and agro-ecology of the study area where in higher values (32.05%) were recorded for comparatively lowland (Kargil) areas as compared to highland (Leh) areas (30.00%). The study also show slight relationship between body condition and prevalence wherein the intensity of infection was higher (31.11%) in weak animals as compared to healthy ones (32.00%). Hence, it was concluded that the pashmina goats of Ladakh are infested by four species of nematode parasites or may be more and their prevalence was found varying with respect to season, sex, age, body condition and agro-ecology. This is for the first time that survey on nematode parasites in pashmina goats of this region have been taken into consideration.

facial expression recognition is limited to six basic expression and several combination.The expression are classified into emotion categories rather than another technique..It is difficult task to show all facial expressions because in everyday life six basic expression occur so frequently.Emotion is often communicated by small changes in one or two facial features,on the other hand the same facial expression may occured in more than one emotions.The presence or absence of one or more facial actions value may change its prediction.One man can show their facial expression in different manner than expressing the same facial expression by other person.The facial features value changes person to person for the same facial expression.

A simple, sensitive, rapid, selective, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Pramipexole dihydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Thermo Scientific C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), held at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and with UV detection at 263 nm. The method was found to be linear over an analytical range of 1-100 μg/ml with LOD = 0.075 μg/ml and LOQ = 0.227 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed method was validated successfully and applied to the quantification of the drug in tablet dosage forms.

The process of finding sequential rules is an indispensable in frequent sequence mining. Generally, in sequence mining algorithms, suitable methodologies like a bottom–up approach will be used for creating large sequences from tiny patterns. This paper proposed on an algorithm that uses a hybrid two-way (bottom-up and top-down) approach for mining maximal length sequences. The model proposed is opting to bottom-up approach called “Concurrent Edge Prevision and Rear Edge Pruning (CEG&REP)” for itemset mining and top-down approach for maximal length sequence mining. It also explains optimality of top-to-bottom approach in deriving maximal length sequences first and lessens the scanning of the dataset.

This conceptual and literary analysis focuses on history and practice of civil society searching the old and new connotations thereof. The article provides a broader spectrum of the subject matter in time and space. The concept of civil society moved from ‘civilized society’ to a socially located debating and acting groups emerged now outside the political arena. However, its identity fixes next door to politics. Advancement of democracies pushed the civil society movement on world scene, in both the developing and developed societies equally. India land maintains a great lead in this movement with impinging on administrative and political setup the right to information, human rights, social advocacy, environmental preservation including elimination of corruption from public institutions. Anna Hazare’s fast based strategy movement acquired a very pervasive support from all quarters i.e. for Janlokpal (People’s Ombudsman) under the banner India Against Corruption.

The best elucidations to software development problems are regularly touted as object-oriented processes. The popularity of object-oriented design metrics is essential in software engineering for measuring the software complexity, estimating size, quality and project efforts. There are various approaches through which we can find the software cost estimation and predicates on various kinds of deliverable items. Object-oriented metrics assures to reduce cost and the maintenance effort by serving as early predictors to estimate software faults. Such an early quantification augments the quality of the final software. This paper reviews object-oriented metrics. A comparison table is maintained via which we can analyze the difference between all the object-oriented metrics effectively.

We consider the third order boundary value problem associated with the di®erential equation on time scales on time scales satisfying the conditions We establish the solution of the three point boundary value problem on time scales on [t1 , σ3(t3)] by matching solutions on [t1, t2 ] with solutions on [t2 , σ 3(t3)].