The main aim of this research work is to determine the relationship that exists between financial development and the growth rate of per capita real GDP in CEMAC countries using panel data estimation techniques. It emphasises the reciprocal impact of financial development on growth in order to determine the type of relationship that exist and make policy recommendations.To do this, we measured financial development and economic growth with the liquidity rate and the growth rate of per capita real GDP respectively.We tested these two measures in a static panel model using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for the first model and Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) for the second. Based on the results obtained from data on these countries for the period from 1980 to 2006, we established that financial developmentnegatively affects economic growth and that the inverse positive relationship is not significant.These results, coupled with those of Granger causality test, allow us to show that there exists a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to financial development in CEMAC countries. We concluded by making policy recommendations in order to ameliorate thisrelationship.

Varias situaciones y experiencias en mi ya larga trayectoria como docente einvestigador de la historia, así como la lectura de autores clásicos de la historiografía de todos los tiempos y lugares, me han animado a escribir estas reflexiones que bajo el insidioso título que le di, ojalá motiven a los jóvenes y también a los mayores, cultivadores de esta ciencia social tan nueva y que aún se haya en el tránsito hacia su edificación, a esclarecer algunos conceptos y categorías, a plantear nuevas problemáticas y a deslastrarse de las viejas y falaces, pero muy influyentes ideas en torno a la historia que han hecho carrera desde tiempos de Heródoto o de Polibio hasta llegar a Edward Gibbon o Leopold Von Ranke, y que nos han llegado con fuerza y autoridad inusitada hasta el presente, los albores del siglo XXI.

The studies on symmetry of Metalloporphyrins are very important due to better understanding of their spectra. Also, the non rigid molecule group theory, in which the dynamical symmetry operations are defined as physical operations, is a new field of chemistry. In this paper, by a simple method, we calculate character table for symmetry group of non rigid porphyrin molecule consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a rigid framework. We apply the group theory package, GAP, to compute the symmetry of Tetraphenylporphyrin, H2(TPP), and Metalloporphyrin, MII(TPP), with symmetry groups D2h and D4h, respectively. We prove that the full non rigid of these molecules are seen be the group of order 64 which has 16 conjugacy classes and order 128 which has 20 conjugacy classes, respectively.

This research assesses the effectiveness of IT in employment background screening. Statistical analysis of quantitative information obtained from an email survey questionnaire, illustrates the effectiveness. The variables of Usefulness, Ease of use, Satisfactory (USE) and group Benefits have been used to assess the effectiveness. A new contribution to measuring IT effectiveness is the inclusion of group benefits with the USE variables in this setting.

The Elzaki transform transform was discussed in [19] as a motivation of the classical Sumudu transform. In this article, we extend the Elzaki transform to a space of tempered distributions (distributions of slow growth) by known kernel method. Further, we establish two spaces of Boehmians so that the Elzaki transform is well de.ned. Certain theorems are established in some details.

The early 1980s marked the beginning of a new devastating chapter in the global epidemic history when the first case of HIV/AIDS was reported in the United States. In Nigeria, the case of the disease was first reported in 1986, and since then the pandemic has continued to spread, moving from a concentrated epidemic to a generalized one, with its concomitant effects on the economic performance of the country. This study analyzed the impact of the scourge of HIV/AIDS menace on the macroeconomic outcomes in Nigeria. Engle Granger Two-Stage Estimation Procedure was used to determine the long-run relationship between real GDP and the explanatory variables, which included HIV/AIDS. The time series data utilized covered the period 1990 to 2010. Two models were estimated. The first model made use of HIV prevalence while the second model adopted the log of number of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Having found that the variables were cointegrated, OLS estimations were conducted on both models. The result of model one showed that HIV prevalence has negative but statistically insignificant impact on real GDP. Model two’s result revealed that HIV/AIDS has negative and statistically significant impact on the growth of the economy of Nigeria in the long-run. A 100 percent increase in the number of persons living with the pandemic led to a 19 percent reduction in the level of real GDP. The adjusted R2 of 97 percent demonstrated a good fit and a strong explanatory power of the model. The conclusion drawn from the study based on the result of model two was that HIV/AIDS has significant and negative impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. The implication of this is that the macroeconomic impact of the disease in Nigeria will be noticeable and significant as the disease progresses. Therefore, substantial and sincere efforts should be geared towards combating it to avert its negative consequences on the growth of the nation’s economy, mortality and morbidity rates, avera

The study among other things investigated the availability and accessibility of environmental information to their information requirements and the sources consulted. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample and method produced 205 respondents that consisted of 185 policy implementers (P.I) and 20 policy formulators (P.E). A total of one hundred and forth seven cases were finally analysed which included 16 policy formulators (8% of the total sample) and 131 policy implementers (71% of the total sample). Two research questions addressed in the study were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency counts. The findings revealed that both the policy formulators and implementers consulted environmental – related journals and publications from international organizations such as UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, and World Bank. However, both the policy formulators and implementers rarely consult important government documents.

This paper presents a review of attributes for rural tourism to be a sustainable tourism product. It also covers an overall review and conceptualization of rural tourism within the community development perspective. Rural tourism involves activities that make the rural community to directly engage in tourism either by them having full control or having their culture serves as the attraction. Evidence shows that very few studies have attempted to understand the impact of tourism from the rural peoples’ point of view. Focusing on the community’s participation is very important, as they are the industry’s key players involved in tourism. An extensive study of the literature on the local peoples’ perception and participation in tourism business is essential to draw a crystallized conceptual framework. The understanding of the rural communities’ opinion on perceived impacts is important before implementing any tourism related development by the outsiders. The developed framework will be useful to understand the hosttourism system and relationship that will emphasize co-management approach to promote a sustainable tourism practice.

Accurate and reliable information about land use and land cover is essential for change detection and monitoring of the specified area. It is also useful in the updating the geographical information about the area. Over the past decade, a significant amount of research has been conducted concerning the application of different classifier and image fusion technique in this area. In this paper, introductions to the land use and land cover classification techniques are given and the results from a number of different techniques are compared. It has been found that, in general fusion technique perform better than either conventional classifier or supervised/unsupervised classification.

This paper consists of an introductory survey of two fundamental questions regarding the link between international entrepreneurship and economic growth. The first step in establishing the linkages requires the formulation of knowledge about the psychological make-up of entrepreneurs. The paper explains that Entrepreneurial activity breeds innovation, injects competitive pressures and develops opportunities in economies. It is the foundation in many respects for broader economic development. Entrepreneurship polices are equally important, as an engine of innovation, in developed countries as they are in developing or transition economies. The purpose of this paper is to explain why the model of the entrepreneurial economy maybe a better frame of reference than the model of the managed economy when explaining the role of entrepreneurship in the contemporary, developed economies. While borrowing constraints or other financial frictions affect entrepreneurship productivity and the distribution of income by restricting agents from profitable occupations that require capital, such as entrepreneurship, this paper is devoted to exploring issues aiming to increase national wealth and to improve international competitiveness of the national economy.