Ethiopia and Djibouti established an amicable relations since very long time ago, especially on economic areas. Port and railway were the main connecting factors for the two states in exercising economic relations. Nowadays, however, different new developments like electricity export, infrastructural linkages and social as well as political relations are further intensifying the two countries’ relations. At the top of that, the prevailing strong economic interdependence spilled over to peace and security cooperation. Accordingly, they are jointly working on the peace and security of the two countries and the Horn of Africa at large.

Background: The person with diabetes mellitus has a chronic lifelong disease, the person must be knowledgeable to coordinate life style modification in to a daily routine of work to achieve and maintain normal physiological blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of LSM management of type 2 diabetic patients in Adama Medical college Hospital. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients towards LSM management of DM in Adama Medical College Hospital. Data was cleaned and analysed by using SPSS version 16.0 and presented descriptively and analytically.

Background: The main goal in diabetes care is to improve the patient’s quality of life, to maintain satisfactory metabolic control and to retain minimal complications caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). To accomplish these goals, selfcare has a great role. However, most patients don’t control their blood sugar label. The objective of this study was to investigate status of glycemic control and self-care practice among Ambulatory diabetes patients in Ambo General Hospital. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 February to 30 May 30/ 2014. Sample population includes all diabetes patients who will come for checkup during data collection period. The data was collected with structured questionnaires and check list by trained data collectors. Data was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Chinua Achebe’s magnum opus Things Fall Apart reflects authentic presentation of the Igbo society. Various social, political, economic, religious, psychological and personal issues of the Igbo people have been put forward by the author in this ethnographic novel. Achebe has depicted these issues from the perspective of both an observer and a critic. The ethnographic depiction of the Igbo life indicates that Chinua Achebe has tried to maintain his objective stance in the novel. He is not biased at all. It is evident in his contrastive presentation of the culture and beliefs of the Igbo; in one hand, he presents the constructive and rational side of the Igbo, on the other hand, he highlights their follies and irrational beliefs too. Achebe as an original Igbo expectedly presents the riches and potentialities of the Igbo society. But at the same time he is not uncritical of the limitations of his society where he belongs to. The present study has dealt with Achebe’s audacious attempt to present the limitations and follies of Igbo life in Things Fall Apart.

Background: A smile is an important feature in determining an individual’s attractiveness. It is a simple concept that is seldom considered and often adjusted rather involuntarily. Objectives: A cross sectional study to assess the smile line in a sample of Sudanese population and its correlation with age, gender, and incisor classification. Material and methods: Clinical examination as well as a photograph was taken for 500 (230 males and 270 females) Sudanese adults with an age range of 15- >46 years in the Academy dental hospital to assess their smile line. Results: Low smile line was the most frequently (41%) encountered smile line followed by average (29.4%), high (22%), and the least being the very high smile line (7.6%). A statistically significant difference was found between age, gender and incisor classification in relation to the smile line (p value ≤0.05). Conclusion: Low smile line was the most frequent among Sudanese population and a strong correlation was found between the smile line and age, gender and incisor classification.

Building densification in developing countries is shaping the spatial patterns of the inner city neighbourhoods. The densification processes are fuelled by higher land values and real estate market dynamics. Due to increased land values, new building forms, uses and density are emerging. Although densification is considered as a strategy to achieving compact development and city spatial sustainability, the unguided nature of building redevelopment is increasingly posing threats in terms of diminishing spatial and liveability qualities in these neighbourhoods. This paper examines the building densification processes in two neighbourhoods of Dar es Salaam City and the resulting effects in terms of plot coverage, floor area ratio and overall spatial patterns are explored. Observations, measurements, transect walks, interview with officials and map analysis were the key methods employed in gathering data. Results indicate that in one of the neighbourhoods, building redevelopment was taking place without a proper redevelopment plan to guide the process. In both cases, several buildings were noted to have higher plot coverage and floor area ratio above the recommended guidelines. This was compounded by the weak development control mechanism culminating into poor spatial and liveability qualities. There is therefore a need for preparing plans that will guide the redevelopment processes, instituting effective development control measures and revisiting the possibility of combining plots to facilitate flexibility in design and move towards urban spatial sustainability.

Higher education is the key of success of a nation which boosts the economic potential of entire nation leading to the development of the nation. This is like a middleware transformation engine which produces manpower for industry, develop enterpreures and motivates young minds for R&D. This responsibility is on the shoulders of educational employees to understand and transform the energy and knowledge of students in an effective and efficient manner. An abundance of research studies suggested that the quality of work life (QWL) is one of the most significant and efficient tools of human resource management. Quality of work life programs encourage employees, make balance between professional, personal & social life and ultimately enhances employee job satisfaction. The objective of this study is to review and redefine the QWL construct for the higher education in the light of existing researches of QWL, policies, practices and suggestions for higher education.

The objective of our study is to know the impact of the salesmen personality on customer perception and sales. The study considers various personality traits that influence the customer thinking’s regarding product and increase its sales. The study was based on primary data which was collected from 172 respondents by means of a questionnaire. Random Sampling Technique was applied and Statistical tool like SPSS software was used to first check the reliability of questionnaire and then correlation analysis in order to reveal the results of the research. The results indicate that the personality traits of salespeople influence both customer perception and sales. As the customer attraction is main focus of every business, the findings and recommendation of this research will help the managers to develop a deeper insight of research factors into salesmen personality development and restructure their strategies to capture maximum potential customers.

Numerical analysis concerns the development of algorithms for solving various types of problems of mathematics; it is a vast-ranging field having deep interaction with computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the sciences. Numerical analysis mainly consists of Numerical Integration, Numerical Differentiation and finding Roots numerically. In this paper we develop an algorithm combination of Numerical Integration (Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 𝟏𝟏/𝟑𝟑 rule, Simpson’s 𝟑𝟑/𝟖𝟖 rule and Weddle’s rule.), Numerical Differentiation (Euler, modified Euler and Runge- Kutta second and fourth order) and finding Roots (Bisection method and False position method) numerically.

Short Description: The $6.8 billion Fair Trade industry holds the premise that producer capabilities and opportunities are enhanced through FT participation. However, undifferentiated FT standards and gender-based limitations on engagement impact how much justice is realized by producers. Problem: Undifferentiated Fair Trade standards and gender-based limitations on engagement negatively impact how justice is realized by producers. Solution: Democratize Fair Trade for greater social-economic justice and sustainability by using public reasoning to growing collaboration and transparency between Fair Trade consumers, institutions, producers and government.